Categories
"Bully" the Movie bullying conflict resolution Donald Trump

Trump, Bullying, And Disrespect

Welcome to From Insults To Respect.

This week, I received a letter from a wonderful pal of mine, Mike Gilmartin, a retired English professor who dabbles in the fine art of poetry. His letter included his most recent effort, which he titled, “The Art Of Trumping The Deal.” To me, it powerfully expresses Mike’s emotion that comes with his disrespect for Donald Trump’s bullying behavior.

Mike views Trump as a bully, as he puts it, “Because a bully blusters and lies and then chickens out when truth is on the line.”

Mike, certainly, is not alone in viewing Trump as a bully. For example, in an article in the The Observer, Arlie Hochschild writes:

To bully someone is to seek to harm, intimidate or coerce another who’s perceived as vulnerable. As the National Center Against Bullying elaborates, there are many types of bullying. Reviewing them, we… can recall times when Trump has exemplified nearly all of them. There is physical bullying – tripping, kicking, hitting; remember his calls in 2016 to oust Black Lives Matter demonstrators in the “old-fashioned way” (with a show of fist in palm). There is verbal bullying – name-calling (Sleepy Joe, Crooked Hillary, Little Mario). There is mockery by imitation. Recall his laughing imitation of a disabled reporter, palsied arms and hands shaking. Then there is social bullying – showing contempt for someone’s social reputation (think of the Gold Star parents, Khizr and Ghazala Khan, ridiculed for the silence of the grieving mother).

These Trump bullying behaviors, according to a Washington Post article

“has seeped into schools across America. Many bullies now target other children differently than they used to, with kids as young as 6 mimicking the president’s insults and the cruel way he delivers them.

“Trump’s words, those chanted by his followers at campaign rallies and even his last name have been wielded by students and school staff members to harass children more than 300 times since the start of 2016 [to the end of 2019], a Washington Post review of 28,000 news stories found. At least three-quarters of the attacks were directed at kids who are Hispanic, black or Muslim, according to the analysis.”

When I first read Mike’s poem, I liked its poetic expression of the emotional reactions of disrespect that is often experienced when we see someone acting like a bully. An image of giving the bully a good sock in the kisser, understandably, might come to mind, as well as images of other violent acts.

Because of this being a common reaction, I thought it would be worthwhile to share the poem with my readers to aid the uprooting of weeds in one’s mind regarding the nature of bullying. At the same time, I wouldn’t want readers to think that I am recommending that such thoughts should be the automatic proper way to actually respond to bullies. Such violent responses can lead to an assault charge and land one in prison. There are also various other very serious negative consequences when responding violently. A wise response requires considering who is doing the bullying, and the situation in which it occurs. In past posts, I discuss some specific ideas about this (see HERE, HERE, and HERE for a few examples). So, with these prefatory comments out of the way, let’s move on to take a look at Mike’s poem.

The Art Of Trumping The Deal

We were both born in New York City

Less than a year apart.

Thus ends the similarity.

 

My Dad, a WWII combat Marine

Taught me many things.

And he taught me this about bullies:

 

“Son, if it’s going down in the schoolyard,

Punch them in the mouth with all you’ve got

And they’ll run home crying for their mamas.

 

“If it’s going down when you’re young men,

Kick them in the nuts with all you got

And they’ll squeal like little girls.

 

“If it’s going down when you’re grown men,

Watch if their lips are moving and tell them you know they are lying

And they’ll turn red and orange in whimpering rage.

 

“If it’s going down when you’re old men,

Listen for their painful moaning at the urinal

Then piss on their shoes

And they’ll try to rub it off on the back of their pants leg.”

My Impressions

Dr. Jeff Rubin

The poem leads me to vividly sense the anger and hate many people experience when encountering bullies. Although the body of the poem applies to bullies in general, the title of the poem, “The Art Of Trumping The Deal,” points me in the direction of considering Trump’s particular style of bullying.

Trump’s style has him not actually physically attacking the person he is seeking to bully, but rather, to incite others to do the attacking for him. Thus we hear of numerous articles indicating an increase in violence toward the very individuals Trump verbally attacks in his speeches.

And then we have the incident in which Trump summoned like-minded bullies to come to D.C. on January 6, his incendiary rhetoric provoking a violent attack on the nation’s capitalAlthough he recently pardon them, those carried out the violence were left to suffer for four years its consequences. Hundreds lost their jobs, others had to bear the cost and time of acquiring lawyers to defend themselves against criminal charges, many of them paying large fines, and some served time in prison. Meanwhile, Trump was bathing in the sun at his Mar-a-Lago country club.

But, somehow, I kinda think that all is not so perfectly rosy in Trump’s mind these days. It is just possible that images of numerous criminal investigations just may by provoking anxiety at the consequences of his recent actions.

Well, that’s my post for today. I’ve written it with the hope that it might encourage any of you who might be tempted to try to achieve some goal by bullying your way through various obstacles to pause and consider the value of employing less anger and hate promoting alternatives

 

My Best,
Jeff.

Categories
anxiety conflict resolution Depression melancholy William James

William James’s Advice To A Melancholy Friend

Welcome to From Insults to Respect.

James with his daughter

In a recent post, I shared some advice the highly respected psychologist and philosopher William James gave to his depressed 13-year-old daughter. It was so well received, I decided to describe another example of James giving advice to another person feeling so very blue.

Unlike my previous example, which occurred when James was a mature professor and father, today’s example occurred in 1866 when James was a mere 24-year-old. But before we get to that example, we shall go back a little further, when James was 19. By doing so, we get to see an intriguing shift in his way of thinking about mental health concerns.

James’s View of the Nature of Mental Health Concerns When He Was Nineteen

James’s cousin, Minnie, two years younger than he, lost both of her parents when she was very young. She somehow appeared to recover from the severe blow, turning herself into the James family’s most enchanting and adored relative. In fact, James’s brother, the famous author, Henry James, drew two of his most appealing heroines from her image,–Minnie Theale in Wings of the Dove, and Isabel Archer in The Portrait of a Lady. Sadly, at the age of seventeen, Minnie began to display emotional patterns that raised serious concerns. James, in a letter to Minnie’s sister, explains his understanding of the cause. “…it is but an organic lesion of the gray cortical substance which forms the pia mater [innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal chord], which is very consoling to us all.”

On what basis does James have for this explanation of the cause of Minnie’s mental health concern? And why would viewing Minnie as having a brain lesion be consoling? The letter doesn’t answer either of these questions, but blaming the brain for mental health concerns and the belief that such blaming is consoling survives up to the present day.

In recent years, after failing to prove a brain lesion is the cause of mental health concerns, a chemical imbalance in the brain has been promoted and eagerly accepted by many as true.

For example, the most recent relevant survey I could find on the internet suggests that 67% of the general public believe it has been scientifically established that depression is caused by a serotonin chemical imbalance in the brain (see HERE). Despite this belief, a 2022 research article published in Molecular Psychiatry concludes:

…the huge research effort based on the serotonin hypothesis has not produced convincing evidence of a biochemical basis to depression. This is consistent with research on many other biological markers [21]. We suggest it is time to acknowledge that the serotonin theory of depression is not empirically substantiated.

Many believe the reason why this idea has been so promoted is that it legitimizes the lucrative marketing of psychiatric drugs. Although I think there is considerable truth to this, the eager acceptance of this notion by many members of the general public has to do with it being a consoling notion to family members who might otherwise be blamed for their offspring’s concerning behavior. With this way of thinking, it is not anything any family might have done to cause the concerning behavior; it’s some problem in the brain that is the cause.

Now, don’t misunderstand me here. I’m not at all suggesting that family members should be blamed for all such concerns. There are, undoubtedly, many possible reasons why someone begins to act in a way that raises concerns.

When James is called upon to offer some advice to a friend several years after his comment to Minnie’s sister, his notion about the cause of mental health concerns has clearly changed.

James’s Advice to His Friend

In a letter dated, June 8, 1866, James wrote to his friend, Tom W. Ward:

I have just read your letter over again, and am grieved afresh at your melancholy tone about yourself. You ask why I am quiet, while you are so restless. Partly from the original constitution of things, I suppose; partly because I am less quiet than you suppose; only I once heard a proverb about a man consuming his own smoke, and I do so particularly in your presence because you, being so much more turbid, produce a reaction in me; partly because I am a few years older than you, and have not solved, but grown callous (I hear your sneer) to, many of the problems that now torture you. The chief reason is the original constitution of things, which generated me with fewer sympathies and wants than you, and also perhaps with a certain tranquil confidence in the right order of the Whole, which makes me indifferent in some circumstances where you fret. Yours the nobler, mine the happier part! think, too, that much of your uneasiness comes from that to which you allude in your letter–your oscillatoriness, and your regarding each oscillation as something final as long as it lasts. There is nothing more certain than that every man’s life is a line that continuously oscillates on every side of its direction; and if you would be more confident that any state of tension you may at any time find yourself in will inevitably relieve itself, sooner or later, you would spare yourself much anxiety. I myself have felt in the last six months more certain that each man’s constitution limits him to a certain amount of emotion and action, and that if he insists on going under a higher pressure than normal for three months, for instance, he will pay for it by passing the next three months below par. So the best way is to keep moving steadily and regularly, as your mind becomes thus deliciously appeased (as you imagine mine to be; ah! Tom, what damn fools we are!). If you feel below par now, don’t think your life is deserting you forever. You  are just as sure to be up again as you are, when elated, sure to be down again. Six months, or any cycle of time, is sure to see you produce a certain amount, and your fretful anxiety when in a stagnant mood is frivolous. The good time will come again, as it has come; and go too. I think we ought to be independent of our moods, look on them as external, for they come to us unbidden, and feel if possible neither elated nor depressed, but keep our eyes upon our work and, if we have done the best we could in that given condition, be satisfied.

James goes on a bit more in his letter to encourage Tom to seek to harmonize his life to nature’s will and to develop patience, equanimity, humbleness, and kindness. These attributes, he says “would do your heart good.”

As the letter draws to a close, James writes,

I will now, my dear old Tom, stop my crudities. Although these notions and others have of late led me to a pretty practical contentment, I cannot help feeling as if I were insulting Heaven by offering them about as if they had an absolute worth. Still, as I am willing to take them all back whenever it seems right, you will excuse my apparent conceit. Besides, they may suggest some practical point of view to you…..

I am anxiously waiting your arrival on Class Day when we shall, I trust, patch up the Kosmos satisfactorily and rescue it from its present fragmentary condition.  

My Take On James’s Letter

Dr. Jeff Rubin

At age 19, James appeared to accept that his cousin Minnie’s troubling emotional behavior pattern is caused by a brain lesion and this notion is somehow consoling. There is no thoughts expressed that perhaps the trauma of losing both of her parents might be playing a part. No wondering if some new disturbing event might have occurred that family members are unaware. A brain lesion theory does provide a simple explanation.

At age 26, when James tries to come up with an explanation for Tom’s emotional concern, the brain lesion notion doesn’t come up at all. Instead, James begins by expressing some empathy for his friend by writing to Tom,”I have just read your letter over again, and am grieved afresh at your melancholy tone about yourself.” I like this. If someone you care about is going through some hard experience, expressing some empathy is a wonderful, humane, and kind thing to do.

Then, James responds to Tom’s question about why he is so “restless” in contrast to James. Perhaps it has to do with a difference in their constitution, James theorizes. But then James suggests that he actually might not really be less restless, he just doesn’t share this with others, preferring to consume his own smoke. In actuality, anyone familiar with James’s biography well knows he suffered greatly from periods of depression. (See HERE  for a discussion of James’s bouts with depression and how he came to overcome them).

James goes on in his letter to point to the possibility that Tom might have gone through a period of great pressure and, if so, naturally he would need some time to recover. The recovery process could be experienced as melancholy. He also suggests that certain thought patterns of Tom’s, if changed, might be beneficial.

James concludes by suggesting to Tom that all of what he had written could be wrong, but nevertheless, they may suggest some practical point of view. In providing this post to my readers, I, too, suggest that perhaps James’s advice might be worth considering if either you or someone you care about is struggling with melancholy experiences.

My Best,
Jeff

Categories
Dealing with insults Gone with the Wind

A Gone With The Wind Insult

Welcome to From insults To Respect.

In several previous post we discussed suggestions for responding to insults in a positive manner. For example, we discussed Abe Lincoln’s wise approach (see HERE) and Jackie Robinson’s challenging approach (see HERE). To deepen our thinking about this issue, I am always on the lookout for these types of examples.

Last night, I happened to be watching the epic 1939 film, Gone With The Wind, winner of 10 Academy Awards. The plot begins just as the American Civil War is about to commence. It was a time when challenging someone to a duel was viewed as required to save face whenever a man felt he was insulted. Such an approach has largely gone with the wind, but there is a scene early in the film in which Rhett Butler, richly played by Clark Gable, handles an insult in a way that I think is worth considering even in our modern world.

The Scene

The setting is the library of a wealthy plantation owner, Ashley Wilkes. A group of men have gathered there to discuss the likelihood of a Civil War. Ashley had invited Rhett Butler, a man with considerable military training having attended West Point, to come to his plantation as one of his guests. Here’s the dialogue I would like you to consider:

Wilkes, Hamilton, & O’Hara

Mr. O’Hara: It’s time we let them [the northerners] know we keep our slaves! We’re the sovereign state of Georgia and we’ll keep it by force of arms! We Got to fight, there is no other way! The matter is simple. The Yankees can’t fight and we can! Don’t you agree with us, Mr. Butler?!

Clark Gable as Mr. Butler

Mr. Butler: I think it’s hard to win a fight with words, gentlemen.

Mr. Charles Hamilton: What do you mean?!

Mr. Butler: I mean, there is not a cannon factory in the whole south.

Mr. Hamilton

Mr. Hamilton: What does that mean to a gentleman?! [said with rage]

Mr. Butler: I’m afraid it will mean a great deal to a lot of gentlemen.

Mr. Hamilton: Are you hinting that the yankees can lick us?!

Mr. Butler: No, I’m not hinting. I’m saying very plainly the yankees are better equipped than us. They have factories, coal mines, a fleet that can bottle up our harbors and starve us to death. All we got is cotton, slaves, and arrogance.

Mr. Hamilton: I refuse to listen to any of this renegade talk!

Mr. Butler: I’m sorry if the truth offends you [said humbly and with a respectful bow].

Mr. Hamilton: Your apology is not enough! [At which point the insults from Hamilton are furiously launched at Butler] I hear you were turned out of West Point, and you are not welcome in any family in Charleston, not even your own family!!!

Mr. Butler: I apologize again for all of my shortcomings. [He provides a respectful bow] Mr. Ashely, perhaps you won’t mind if I take a walk around your place. [Before leaving, he looks toward the rest of the men and says] I’m sorry gentlemen, I seem to be spoiling everyone’s cigars and dreams of victory. [He again respectfully bows and exits]

Mr. Hamilton attempts to chase after Mr. Butler to furiously challenge him to a duel, but the other men physically restrain him while explaining that a duel would be foolhardy because Butler has proven to be one of the best marksmen in the country. Mr. Ashely Wilkes, owner of the plantation at which the meeting is being held, informs all that Mr. Butler is his guest, and with that, he joins Butler on his walk. 

Discussion

Here we see a scenario in which Mr. O’Hara asks Mr. Butler if he agrees with him regarding war with the yankees. Mr Butler, disagrees and provides his reasons. Mr. Hamilton angrily refers to Mr. Butler’s comment as renegade talk, yells in a disrespectful tone of voice, and flings negative rumors in Mr. Butler’s face in front of many men looking on, while being overheard by women in nearby rooms.

To this, Mr. Butler doesn’t slug Mr. Hamilton, nor does he demand either an apology or face him in a duel, which would be typical for Hollywood movies. Instead, he first says, “I’m sorry if the truth offends you,” while respectfully bowing.

When the insulting continues, he offers another apology to Mr. Hamilton, this time, for all of his shortcomings, and again he bows. He then offers an apology to the others in the room and leaves. Violence is avoided, and everyone has some time to cool down.

It seems to me, there are aspects of the approach displayed by Mr. Butler that readers might wish to avoid, and other aspects they would be wise to put in their “handling insults toolbox.”

When Mr. Butler refers to those who are promoting war with the north as being “arrogant,” this suggests he views them as having an exaggerated sense of their ability. For me, I, personally, would leave this type of adjective out of any defense, for some might view it as an insult. I prefer to let my reasoned arguments suffice.
I also have an issue with Mr. Butler when he says, “I’m sorry if the truth offends you.” This can easily come off as being too certain that he is absolutely right, and those who disagree with him are absolutely wrong. Although I am sometimes pretty sure that I am right, I prefer to present myself as being open to learning from opposing views.

Other than these two issues, I think Butler’s approach probably has considerable merit in handling some challenging situations in which insults are flying at my being. I like that he presents his reasons for his disagreement, his tone strikes me as respectful, and his apology for his shortcomings in the face of insults I think has the potential of reducing the chance of an escalation into violence.

I would love to hear from those of you who would like to share your views about Butler’s approach, and my take on it.

As this post drifts to an end, I leave you with my hope that all of you always find ways to convert your insulting experiences into moments that enhance how much respect others have for you, and how much respect you have for yourself.

My Best,
Jeff

———————————-

Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on.  This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional and social intelligence.  To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

Categories
conflict resolution counseling helplessness William James

Counseling Someone Experiencing Hopelessness: First Session

Welcome to From Insults To Respect. Today’s post offers an approach for respectfully helping someone experiencing hopelessness during a first-hour counseling session. I commend it to you for I have found it remarkably helpful over my many years providing counseling services.

Helping people experiencing hopelessness can be rather challenging because many of them have no interest in doing anything about it. As the renowned psychologist and philosopher William James explains in a letter to his famous novelist brother, Henry James:

The two brothers. Henry is on the left and Professor William James is on the right

Henry is left of William

To suggest personal will and effort to one “all sicklied o’er” with the sense of weakness, of helpless failure, and of fear, is to suggest the most horrible of things to him. What he craves is to be consoled in his very impotence, to feel the Powers of the Universe recognize and secure him, all passive and failing as he is.

That said, if you find you are engaging with someone experiencing something like this, is there nothing else to be done other than offering your condolences? For your consideration, here’s what I refer to as a Jamesian approach because it is based on some of the writings of William James.

Beyond Just Offering Condolences

Who are capable of trying the approach I have found so helpful?

Most people have the ability to try this Jamesian approach. However, there are some who will not be able to do so because they have very little patience in the presence of anyone feeling hopeless. Such persons might cry out, “Enough with this helplessness crap. Snap out of it and get the hell on with your life for crying out loud!”

Now, admittedly these unsympathetic people sometimes find, upon confronting someone with their demand, it actually seems to have been helpful. The person who had been feeling helpless becomes enlivened with the demand and can then find themselves improving their functioning and end up thanking the demanding person.

However, some of these demanding people find their approach in the situation with which they were dealing didn’t work and conclude there is nothing else that can be done. These people, totally disgusted with the continuing helpless attitude, very likely will not be able to utilize the Jamesian approach I wish for you to consider.

That said, it just so happens that some people who begin with the lack of sympathy approach end up seeing it has been far from helpful. They may yet be left harboring some desire to be helpful in some way. If they didn’t end up completely severing any subsequent relationship with the person feeling helpless as a result of their demanding approach, they might, through a turn of mind, come to say, “Well, I guess I have the ability to try a more supportive approach.” Such persons might still be able to utilize the Jamesian approach.

As for everyone else who thinks they can spend an hour being present with the person feeling helpless and express empathy, while being a good listener in other ways can give the approach I soon will describe a try. I’ve never seen any harm from such attempts.

Three types of situations in which the Jamesian approach can be utilized

The first two types of situations one can utilize this approach involves a professional counselor or psychotherapist. The client arrives for an appointment. The professional then begins the session by asking the client, “What concerns would you like us to address?” The despondent person might reply,

“There really is nothing to address. I only came for this appointment because my sister kept urging me to speak to a professional about my situation and I finally gave in. To me this whole appointment is a waste of time. My situation is hopeless.”

Or, the person might respond,

“I’ve been feeling stressed out and hopeless and I heard I might qualify for disability benefits. I can sure use the extra money.”

As you will soon see, neither of these two situations provide any obstacles for utilizing the approach.

The third type of situation the Jamesian approach can be helpful involves nonprofessionals that know someone they care about who has reached that helpless state of mind and are willing to see if they can set up a time to spend an hour with the discouraged individual.

The Jamesian Approach

Phase 1 (first half hour)

You begin by asking the person you hope to help, in a soft, caring manner, “How have you been doing?” Over the course of the next half hour, your job is to listen with all the empathy you can muster, to whatever your counselee wants to share with you.

If your conselee becomes angry with him or herself, your job is not to convince the person that becoming angry at one’s self is wrong or foolish. Rather, you make sure the person knows you heard what is being said, by making the following type of reply. “I see you are angry about… (summarize what the person said about why he or she is angry)” and then in a soft, caring voice say, “I understand you have been through some very rough experiences.” It is essential during this half hour that you do nothing that can appear to be correcting or constraining the expression of the counselee.

 Listening in a sympathetic manner during the first half hour is time well spent. During this time you will be modeling for the counselee an alternative to how he or she might want to respond to the situations that currently has been leading to angrily insulting oneself. People learn a great deal by observing others. Your job in this first half hour is to be a superb model of reacting to very human mistakes by remaining supportive to the notion that we all goof-up from time to time.

If your counselee finishes earlier than a half hour, begin to ask the following questions. “Please talk to me about when you first began to feel so helpless?” and “I’m interested to hear how you have been functioning since you have been going through this very tough experience. If the functioning question is answered in a sentence or two, you are to invite some additional sharing of the counselee by asking, “Have you been able to go to work?” If yes, ask, “How has that been going?” If there is still time left during the first half hour, also ask the counselee if he or she has been able to do home chores, such as cleaning and making meals. If this hasn’t filled up the first half hour of your one hour session, continue with these additional questions: “How have you been sleeping?” “Have you been staying connected with some people you care about?” With these series of questions, you should have no difficulty passing this half hour of listening in a caring manner.

Phase 2 (second half hour)

Now, in seeking to introduce phase 2, sometimes the counselee is not quite finished sharing what she or he has been going through. If this is an intense part of the distressed person’s experience, I recommend not interrupting. Instead, at the close of the hour you will have to set up another hour session. However, I have found most times you will be able to gently say,

“I’d like to pause here for just a few minutes, if that is ok with you. I would like to tell you a story that many people who are going through a similar experience as you, find helpful. In referring to these experiences as similar to you, I recognize each person’s experience is unique. That said, with us being fellow humans, we can often see certain similarities that might help us make some useful connections with our own unique situation. So, would it be ok if we pause here just for a few minutes so I can tell you this story?”

It is very rare, from my experience, that the counselee will refuse this request, but if they do so, don’t press the case of the value of hearing the story. Just respond by saying, “Maybe I can share the story with you on another occasion.”

If your counselee agrees to hearing the story, it is ok to read it. Here’s the story.

During William James’s life he became the greatest American psychologist and philosopher of his time, and remains even today enormously well regarded for his wisdom. But as a young man of 25, while studying for his Harvard medical degree, he suddenly dropped out. As he explained the reason, “it was as if something hitherto solid within my breast gave way entirely, and I became a mass of quivering fear. . . . I awoke morning after morning with a horrible dread in the pit of my stomach.”

After about 6 years of these dreaded experiences, he suddenly began to feel much improved. Here’s how Will’s father explains it in his letter to his other son, Henry, in March of 1873:

William JamesHe came in here the other afternoon when I was sitting alone, and after walking the floor in an animated way for a moment, exclaimed “Dear me! What a difference there is between me now and me last spring this time: then so hypochondriacal” (he used that word, though perhaps in substantive form) “and now feeling my mind so cleared up and restored to sanity. It is the difference between life and death.” He had a great effusion. I was afraid of interfering with it, or possibly checking it, but I ventured to ask what especially in his opinion had promoted the change.

He said several things: the reading of Renouvier (specially his vindication of the freedom of the will) and Wordsworth, whom he has been feeding on now for a good while; but especially his having given up the notion that all mental disorder is required to have a physical basis. This had become perfectly untrue to him. He saw that the mind did act irrespectively of material coercion, and could be dealt with therefore at first-hand, and this was health to his bones.

We see in the above that at this time James had viewed his distressful experience that led to his departure from medical school as a “mental disorder” that he had to accept as due to something wrong with his body and therefore he could do nothing but accept that he had this condition. Then, his conceptualization began to develop from a physiological pathology model to one that gives at least some freedom to the will.

William’s Father with his brother Henry on the righ

He came to this understanding from his own counselor in the form of reading the works of the philosopher, Charles Renouvier, especially in the sections that provides a vindication of the freedom of the will. At the same time, he was also reading the poems of William Wordsworth. What did these poems have to do with one who had been so suffering for many years?

Charles Renouvier

Wordsworth’s poems are often about his deep love with being in nature, as we get some sense of from considering some of the lines from “I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud:”

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

This exuberance with being in nature, for Wordsworth, spilled over into his life even when he was not in nature as we see in the following lines:

A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

mature William JamesFor William James, he not only read Wordsworth, his reading led him, through an act of will, to go out in nature. The particular scenes he came upon of woods beside a body of water lifted his spirits. It also got him walking, which is well documented to improve health. It also improved his interpersonal relations, for he discovered some people who shared this love of nature, and they often would join him on his nature walks. Sometimes he and his companions would walk in silence, just enjoying the pleasant sounds of birds and the rippling of water. Other times they would enjoy discussing common interests.

Later in his life, William James added another element to his understanding of the disturbing experiences he had as a young man. It was prompted by a quarrel.

Healthy-minded individuals often believe that those who worry are “morbid-minded” and “diseased.” In their defense, some of those referred to as morbid-minded have argued that “the world’s meaning most comes home to us when we lay them most to heart.”

After describing the argument between the so-called “healthy-minded” and the “morbid-minded,” James then states:

In our attitude, not yet abandoned, of impartial onlookers, what are we to say of this quarrel? It seems to me that we are bound to say that morbid-mindedness ranges over the wider scale of experience, and that its survey is the one that overlaps. The method of averting one’s attention from evil, and living in the light of good is splendid as long as it will work. It will work with many persons; it will work far more generally than most of us are ready to suppose; and within the sphere of its successful operation there is nothing to be said against it as a religious solution. But it breaks down importantly as soon as melancholy comes; and even though one be quite free from melancholy one’s self, there is no doubt that healthy-mindedness is inadequate as a philosophical doctrine, because the evil facts which it refuses positively to account for are a genuine portion of reality; and may after all be the best key to life’s significance, and possibly the only openers of our eyes to the deepest levels of truth.

To James, people confront events daily that create feelings of helplessness, pain, sadness, horror, and dread. James argued that the feelings that go along with these kinds of events can lead toward truth. Thus, he counteracts any tendency to assume that those referred to as morbid-minded are automatically inferior to those referred to as “mentally healthy.”

So, this is a story of one man’s experience of feeling helpless to do anything helpful by an act of his will, and thus spent years in a deeply disturbed state. Through being counseled by reading the writings of Renouvier (specially his vindication of the freedom of the will), along with discovering the health promoting effects of spending time in nature and with some people who shared his developing love of nature, he found this was health to his bones. As the years went by, he came to understand that there can be some benefits that come from the experiences many so called healthy-minded people view as morbid-mindedness or, more frequently in today’s culture, “mental illness.”

Here this ten-minute story ends. At its conclusion, gently ask if your counselee would like to share any thoughts or feelings that came about upon hearing about William James’s experiences and ideas about what people today often refer to as having a mental illness. Then, in the few minutes left of the hour, begin again to listen in the caring manner I described above.

Well, I hope this post has provided an approach for beginning a counseling experience with someone suffering from a sense of hopelessness. Until next time, may all of your concerns be addressed with wisdom, love, and kindness.

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on.  This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence.  To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

Categories
Blaming President Biden conflict resolution

Is It Fair Blaming Biden For Inflation?

Welcome to From Insults to Respect. Today, I would like to discuss a topic that has been bothering me for several months–politicians and their followers attacking President Biden for inflation.

Consider a press conference held by Senate Republicans this past July. At that time, they blamed the “insane tax and spending spree of President Biden and the Democrats for six straight months of raging inflation.”

As another example, on 3/10/22 I read this tweet by Florida Republican Rep. Vern Buchanan:

“Inflation just rose to 7.9% – another 40-year high! First they said it was ‘transitory,’ then they blamed supply chain issues, then they claimed inflation ‘is actually a good sign.’ And now it’s Putin’s fault. When will the WH admit they are to blame for #Bidenflation?”

In my research on this topic, I found there is far more nuance that was unfairly left out of the Republican press conference statement, this tweet, and other comments seeking to blame Biden. I’ll provide much of that nuance below. But first, to provide the reader with a sense of why this blaming upsets me, I’m going to share two brief personal stories that illustrate my values when it comes to blaming people.

My Two Stories

Story 1: Last summer I was in the mood to play a round of golf, so I checked the weather report. Seeing there was only a twenty percent chance of rain, I called three of my friends to see if they wanted to join me, informing them of the most recent weather report. They agreed to play.

Unfortunately, just as we stepped up to the first tee, it began to pour. A check on a weather map indicated it was going to pour for a good hour or two, so we decided to head home.

Feeling responsible for getting this group of guys to show up to play, I apologized. Each of my friends made it clear they were not blaming me, saying things like, “It’s not your fault, Jeff.” I very much appreciated and respected those words of support, especially because I know individuals who are quick to blame.

Story 2: One day I was with three friends on the way to a baseball game. The guy that was driving said he knew the way to the ball field, so the rest of us sat back, chatting about old times until we noticed it was getting pretty close to game time.

“How come we’re not there yet,” I enquired, at which point the driver admitted he was lost. We put our heads together, and finally got to the game, but only after the second inning. Obviously, the driver was largely responsible for our being late, although any one of us could have double checked the directions, rather than just assume the driver was not mistaken. In any case, after a few good natured teasing comments, all of us hastened to be supportive of our driver friend, saying things like, “Hey, everyone makes mistakes,” and then sharing incidents in which we were late because we had gotten lost in the past. I respect how we handled the situation.

Researching the Real Causes for the Current Inflation Problems

Dismayed at the blaming of Biden, whom I do believe is trying to do his best during terribly tough circumstances, I did some research on the causes of the current inflation situation. Checking multiple sources, which are readily available for anyone really interested in this issue, this is what I found.

Supply Chain Issues: By all accounts that I can find, shortly after the pandemic struck, and before Biden was sworn in as president, the annual inflation rate for most American purchases had already risen to the highest level in a decade.

Moreover, rising inflation isn’t just hitting the US. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, inflation among its 38 member states is heading higher. As Greg Rosalsky of NPR put it,

“Countries, big and small, conservative-led and progressive-led, are grappling with surging consumer prices as global demand outstrips supply. It’s one big global inflation-fest, and no single leader seems to have the power to stop it.”

The pandemic has disrupted every aspect of the global supply chain, from manufacturing and transportation to logistics, at a time when the pandemic has also sparked a buying spree. The problem is partly due to a decades-old business strategy that aims to keep inventories lean. While factories were on lockdown or navigating Covid-19 restrictions, raw materials were harder to get because of the sudden swell in demand. Shortages of just about everything cropped up, especially workers to unload goods and drive them to their destination. Very simply, the basic principle of economics that states, “when demand out paces supply, prices rise,” is currently in overdrive.

Lack Of Real Competition: About two-thirds of the largest publicly traded US companies reported fatter profit margins in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the same period in 2020, according to the Wall Street Journal. As costs for raw materials, labor, and transportation have increased in response to the pandemic, a lot of big corporations are not only offsetting those costs by raising prices on consumers, they are raising prices even higher, taking advantage of the pressing needs of consumers under pandemic conditions. These corporations can get away with this because Republicans have supported a lax antitrust enforcement policy that has put the concentration of economic power in the hands of a few giants.

Challenging Problem for the Feds: The department in the Federal Government that has the responsibility to guide the US through troubled waters is the Federal Reserve System. Among its most central roles is to promote the effective operation of the U.S. economy and, more generally, the public interest. It conducts the nation’s monetary policy to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates in the U.S. economy.

Jerome Powell, with impressive credentials, is the chair person of this system. Nominated for the position by former President Donald Trump in 2018, he was confirmed by Democrat and Republican Senators by an 84 to 13 vote. He is still serving in that position under President Biden.

So, the US government has had throughout the pandemic some of the greatest expertise in the country to guide our economic system. Despite this, neither they, nor experts in other countries throughout the world, have been able to prevent inflation woes.

Some Responsibility of the President? Now, my research did find that there are some moves that a president can make that just might have some rather minor effects on inflation. For example, there is a theory that government spending that leads to a larger national debt can be inflationary. But the evidence for this relationship is far from clear. For example, for the five years before the Covid pandemic the national debt was around 20 trillion dollars, while inflation was humming along at a comfortable and sustainable 2 percent. The last time the US had a serious inflation problem began in the mid-1970s and ran through the mid-1980s. It threw the country into a recession and unemployment rose to over 10 percent. The national debt at that time was less than 1 trillion dollars. At least with the current bout with inflation, unemployment is currently below 4 precent.

With regards to spending money that raised the national debt, here are the facts. It is true that Biden signed into law a nearly two trillion dollar Covid relief bill at the beginning of his term over the objections of Republicans. This did indeed add to the national debt. But a fair minded person, it seems to me, would note that former Republican President Trump advocated policies that raised the debt significantly more than Biden. First, his tax cut that wasn’t matched with any spending cuts led to a trillion dollar increase in the national debt the following year, as was predicted by all of the major economists. Then came the pandemic during his administration and he quickly signed into law a $2.2 trillion relief package, followed by a $900 billion relief package. When we combine the increase in debt from Trump’s tax program with his pandemic relief spending, we come up with over 4 trillion dollars. All of this money sloshed into the economy before Biden took the oath of office.

During Biden’s presidency, he signed into law two other big spending bills, the first designed to improve infrastructure. The second, the Omnibus bill, is designed to keep the government open and also included aid for Ukraine. These bills were clearly bipartisan, passing the Senate 69-30 for the first, and 68-31 for the second.

If not Blame, How Better to Move Forward?

It seems to me, the extra money Congress approved to deal with the pandemic and signed into law first by Trump and then Biden was a good faith effort to prevent seriously worse outcomes if nothing was done. Rather than blaming either Trump or Biden for the mess, a mess much of the whole world is facing, the responsible thing to do going forward is to focus on what can be done to weather this period of rising prices. Biden has been responsibly doing just that.

His proposal, as expressed during his State of the Union Address, involves capping the cost of insulin to $35 a month and letting Medicare negotiate lower prices for prescription drugs. Child care cost, that has been weighing heavily on families, would be cut in half for most families. This would help parents, including millions of women, who left the workforce during the pandemic because they couldn’t afford child care, to be able to get back to work. The enhanced Child Tax Credit, which was beefed up for 2021 as part of the American Rescue Plan Act, would be extended.

Additionally, his proposal calls for cutting energy costs for families by an average of $500 per year while also combating climate change. “Let’s provide investments and tax credits to weatherize your homes and businesses to be energy efficient and you get a tax credit for it,” he explained. Finally, his plan does not include having the government go into further debt. Rather, the cost for his proposal would be paid for by modest increases in taxes for people making over $400,000 a year.

Concluding Remarks

After finishing my research, here’s what I came to decide. For me to respect how Republicans are addressing the current inflation levels, rather than blaming anyone, they would either work in a bipartisan manner to quickly pass Biden’s proposals, or come up with a better plan that has the specificity of Biden’s. If alternatively, they respond with vague comments like, If Republicans were in charge we wouldn’t be in this mess, this would leave me with a frown.

In my opinion, the respectable, honorable, kind approach for our leaders to take to deal with the current economic conditions is to respond as my friends did when I invited them to play golf–be supportive of Biden, for we all can agree he has been trying to do his best to help the country get through hard times. Even if Republicans truly believe some of what Biden has done might have been mistakes, to gain my respect they would respond as my friends did when one of us made a mistake and got us lost–recognize we all make mistakes from time to time. In my opinion, it’s time to be cooperatively focussing on coming up with plans to get us out of the mess we are in.

How about you? Do you think it’s fair blaming Biden for the hard times we are facing? Is that really helpful for fellow Americans?

Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional and social intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

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conflict management conflict resolution

Improving Your Level Of Wisdom

Welcome to From Insults to Respect. As you might imagine, people who are viewed as wise tend to be more respected than people who are viewed as foolish. With that in mind, let’s take a look at a few suggestions for improving our wisdom.

Assessing Openness

Consider, if you will, an old joke–If you want people to respect you for your wisdom, just agree with everything they tell you.

As a joke, it works, but is it truly a wise approach for increasing your wisdom? In thinking about this, let’s take a look at some advice Thomas Jefferson once gave to his daughter.

“Much better…if our companion views a thing in a light different from what we do, to leave him in quiet possession of his view.  What is the use of rectifying him if the thing be unimportant; and if important let it pass for the present, and wait a softer moment and more conciliatory occasion of revising the subject together.”

Now, for some people, this makes perfect sense. However, others respect individuals who are forthright about their opinions, and personally enjoy a lively exchange even with someone who holds very different views from their own. For these folks, being with someone who either just agrees with everything they say, or just nods at whatever they say, is boring.

John Stuart Mill is a fine example of someone who respects a conversation with people holding different views, as we see in his 1859 book titled On Liberty. There he declares that if people express an opinion different than our own, even for holding an opinion we are very sure of,

let us thank them for it, open our minds to listen to them, and rejoice…in the case of any person whose judgment is really deserving of confidence, how has it become so? Because he has kept his mind open to criticism of his opinions and conduct. Because it has been his practice to listen to all that could be said against him; to profit by as much of it as was just, and expound to himself, and upon occasion to others, the fallacy of what was fallacious. Because he has felt, that the only way in which a human being can make some approach to knowing the whole of a subject, is by hearing what can be said about it by persons of every variety of opinion, and studying all modes in which it can be looked at by every character of mind.

Here we see a man who was very open to hearing an opinion very different from his own, and having discussions about what he thought was wrong. This, he believed, profit people, leading to a better understanding of the subject.

So, when deciding whether to acquiesce to the opinions of others, remaining silent, or taking up the challenge of presenting your alternative views, consider the wisdom of first assessing if the person you are interacting with has an “open minded” or “close minded” personality.

People who tend to be high in the trait of openness are more willing to embrace new things, fresh ideas, and novel experiences. When they hear someone who disagrees with them, they are interested to explore how that someone thinks about the subject. People who are close minded, in contrast, upon hearing someone disagreeing with them, close up like a turtle while experiencing defensiveness.

Therefore, when with people you don’t yet know whether or not they are open minded and you hear them express an opinion with which you disagree, you might want to first assess where they are on this open minded-close minded continuum. This can be easily done by you by first summarizing their opinion, showing an interest by asking a few clarifying questions, and then saying something like, “I heard a different opinion about this topic, and I’d like to get your reaction.” Then, after briefly describing the alternative view, see if the person indicates an openness to discuss this. If he or she starts to get defensive by saying something like, “That’s stupid,” and, “Only idiots think that way,” it may be wise to take the discussion no further.

Notice that with this approach, you don’t initially claim that the alternative position is correct, or that it is something you firmly believe, thus avoiding leading people you are talking with to feel you have attacked them for their belief.

If the person appears open to a friendly discussion that includes different views, then have at it, but avoid saying things like “that’s stupid.” Stick to reasoned arguments, make sure you give the other person plenty of time to respond, try to find some merit in at least some aspects of the view you generally disagree with, and aim to be humble. In this context, what do I mean by being humble? It is avoiding presenting your views in a tone that suggests you are absolutely right, and the other position is absolutely wrong. You want to present the image that you are open to considering all that is being said.

In Situations In Which You Will Be Repeatedly Interacting With People, Utilize The “Summarize And Delay Technique”

In many social situations, if you find that you don’t enjoy them, it is a simple matter to avoid them in the future. Not so in many workplace situations, or at school where attending is mandatory. Also, when invited to a social party, you may want to keep getting invited to future parties with these folks even if some of the attendees are not your cup of tea. This may be so because you enjoy most of the attendees, or your regular participation at attending provides valuable information about what is going on in the neighborhood.

In these repeated social interactions, you are likely to hear every now and then a topic raised, and some may say something about it with which you disagree. To increase how much respect those in attendance view your wisdom consider the following.

Just make a note of the topics that have come up for the first time, while avoiding taking a clear position on it. If someone asks you for your opinion, summarize the topic, and summarize what others have already said about it. Then say you want to give this some thought because you think the issues may be somewhat more complicated than what may appear at first to be the case. Then say that after you give this some deeper thought, you’ll be delighted to share what you have learned.

Then, over the next few days, search on the internet, or go to the library to find some well thought out views on each of the topics by some respected writers. Seek to find some great writers who have different views on the same topic.

When this research is complete to your satisfaction, write out what you want to say about the topic with an eye of balancing short term and long term goals, and how different situations might call for different approaches. Your opening paragraph is best framed as something you can say in a couple of minutes. Finally, have someone you respect critique what you wrote. By doing this, your comments at your social gathering will tend to be far wiser than if you just jump into expressing your opinion without utilizing this technique.

When you do provide your opinion, begin by noting that you have found that different respected authorities have come to very different conclusions on this topic. Be prepared to be able to summarize these different views, but your opening statement is best kept to the one or two minute paragraph that you crafted when you wrote out your entire position, because typically people don’t appreciate a long lecture. If people you are talking with are really interested in delving into the topic, they will make some reply, perhaps presenting an alternative view.

After giving others an ample opportunity to comment, you can then provide more of your opinion in a two or three minute segment. Then, once again, let others respond, and continue in this give and take manner. Present your own conclusions in a humble, tentative manner, while remaining open to hearing critiques of what you offer. Avoid, getting defensive, and if someone raises a good point that you have not yet considered, reply humbly with a statement such as, “I think there is some merit in what you have said.” Then summarize it, and say, “I’d like to give this some thought and then I’ll get back to you.”

Conclusion

Wisdom is a prized characteristic. Avoiding angering close minded people for no substantially good reason is one technique that can raise the estimate of your wisdom. Utilizing the “Summarize and Delay” technique will not only increase how others view your wisdom, it may also very well actually increase your wisdom. In your discussion, avoid coming off like you are trying to humiliate those with different views. Rather, empathize with them, and above all, be kind.

These suggested techniques may not turn you into a great sage, but I do humbly think they have the potential of substantially increasing your wisdom.

My Best,
Jeff

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

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conflict resolution Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Donald Trump

Are Trump’s Supporters Mentally Ill?

Welcome to From Insults to Respect. Today we explore the wisdom of flinging two related insults at Donald Trump’s supporters–insults that fall under the general headings of “crazy” and “mental illness.” Let’s begin with the “crazy” insults.

The “Crazy” Insults

Attorney General William Barr announces DOJ found no evidence of fraud that would overturn the election results.

Trump, by all authoritative analyses, lost the 2020 election by approximately seven million votes, as well as an ample number of electoral votes. Despite this, he has, and continues to claim, he won by a landslide.

Moreover when he took government documents that he was not legally permitted to take, his lawyers had to have made clear to him this was a felony, the penalty of which is time in prison. Because a large majority of his supporters say they believe his claims and that he has done nothing wrong, many Americans think they have made sense of this by viewing his supporters as crazy. Is this wise?

“Crazy” is a concept used when people are puzzled about the actions of others or themselves. By using this type of name calling, it really doesn’t provide any clarification, but to some, they think it does. So, we might hear something like the following conversation:

“What’s going on with these Trump supporters who believe he won the election?”

“They’re crazy.”

“Yeah, that’s gotta be it.”

I understand a great many people are just fine with using the crazy concept. Nevertheless, I would like you to consider the following possibility.

Thinking crazy is really the explanation for why people believe as they do about Trump serves to reduce a degree of angst. Since angst can be experienced as uncomfortable, it makes some sense people might be motivated to reduce it. However, if instead, we adopt the choice to maintain this angst and come to experience it as pleasantly challenging and useful, it may lead to deeper insights.

The angst, when used in the pleasantly challenging manner, according to this theory, prods us to continue searching for understanding while keeping the door open for insights to drift in. The history of science validates the enormous progress that can be made by people who refused to let difficult problems be set aside by a nonsense concept posing as a reasonable answer.

Is the Mental Illness Concept Better than the Crazy Concept?

Trump’s supporters, in addition to being called crazy, have repeatedly been called mentally ill as a way to make sense of what seems to be irrational. Because the mental illness concept is supported by many doctors, including many psychiatrists and psychologists, some folks have been left with the impression that it must be a more sound, scientific concept than “crazy.” Is it?

Two Contrasting Opinions About One Particular “Diagnosis”

To explore this issue, let us first take a look at how the term was used against Trump in a January 11, 2021 article. It appears in Scientific American, was written by Tanya Lewis, and is titled, “The ‘Shared Psychosis’ of Donald Trump and His Loyalists.”

Dr. Lee

There we learn that psychiatrist Bandy X. Lee is affiliated with Yale University’s Department of Psychiatry, and has diagnosed those who are loyal to Trump as having the serious mental illness she calls “shared psychosis.” According to Dr. Lee, this refers to:

…the infectiousness of severe symptoms that goes beyond ordinary group psychology. When a highly symptomatic individual is placed in an influential position, the person’s symptoms can spread through the population through emotional bonds, heightening existing pathologies and inducing delusions, paranoia and propensity for violence—even in previously healthy individuals.

Although this may or may not sound plausible to you, framing it as a diagnosis based on sound scientific evidence has led to serious problems for Dr. Lee.

Dr. John Krystal

Shortly after her so called diagnosis, her boss at Yale, Dr. John Krystal, fired her. He had first provided her the following warning, “The recklessness of your comments creates the appearance that they are self-serving in relation to your personal political beliefs and other possible personal aspirations.”

New York Post article titled, “Yale Psychiatrist Says She Was Fired For Calling Trump and Supporters Mentally Ill,” further develops this story. There we learn Dr. Lee has become embroiled in a lawsuit in an effort to regain her job.

“Since she was acting on a citizen’s duty to contribute her gifts to society … her speech is protected under the First Amendment,” her lawsuit claimed.

“Trump’s presidency represented an emergency which not only allowed, but required, psychiatrists in the United States to sound the alarms,” her legal team said of her “professional responsibility to protect society.”

“Trump’s mental health was affecting the mental health” of everyone in the US, “placing the country at grave risk and undermining democracy itself.”

Supporters of President Donald Trump hold signs as they attend a “Stop The Steal” rally.

Now, to be upfront about my own opinion about Trump, personally I disagree with him and his supporters about who actually fairly won the election. Moreover, there are a number of theories that I have been mulling over as I try to understand the reasons why his supporters have concluded his claims are true. At the same time, as a supporter of the principles of science, I recognize the importance of distinguishing my theories from facts. Dr. Lee’s theory, when couched as a doctor’s diagnosis, in my opinion, runs afoul of this principle.

Clarifying the Difference Between A So Called Psychiatric Diagnosis and The Cause For a Mental Health Concern

When psychiatrists use their mental illness classification system and call it a diagnostic system, they do so despite numerous scientific arguments about its shortcomings (see HERE for a full description of these). In brief, the “mental illness” concept is way too subjectively defined, and the vast majority of the specific mental illness labels, such as anxiety disorder, psychosis, etc., have insufficient reliability and evidence of validity to be considered scientific. Moreover, a diagnostic system speaks to etiology, that is, the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition. These psychiatric labels do not come with any proof of what is the cause of what is being labeled.

To clarify what I mean by this, let us take a look at a condition with which we can all easily understand.

You have trouble starting your car. You bring it to Fred, your friendly local mechanic. On hearing your concern, he provides an initial theory of what is causing this—perhaps your car needs a new starter. This is the initial “theoretical” diagnosis. Then, Fred inspects the starter and finds that it is in fine shape. Thus, his original theory of what is wrong proves incorrect. He then theorizes that your spark plugs are dirty. He takes a look and finds that they are indeed dirty. He cleans them up, puts them back in their proper place, and the car starts right up. In the end, he “diagnosed” what was wrong with your car—it had dirty spark plugs.

Now, let us say Fred, instead, had just asked you a few questions. Then, before finding out what was the cause of why your car had not been starting, he told you that the problem is that your car has “Major Nonstarting Disorder.” This statement is very different than “diagnosing” your car’s problem unless we want to dramatically expand the definition so it loses any precision.

The psychiatric mental illness diagnostic system is described in a manual published with the title, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). There it refers to itself as a manual for making diagnoses. This masks the difference between the following three types of statements:

  1. “My theory is that the reason your car is not starting is that it has a broken starter.”
  2. “The cause for your car not starting is it has dirty spark plugs.”
  3. “Your car has ‘Major Nonstarting Disorder.’”

The first statement offers some theory for understanding the cause for what someone believes has gone wrong. The second statement indicates that the cause for what has gone wrong has been clearly established. The third statement just restates the expressed concern or concerns in some jargon. The only real diagnosis in the three statements is statement 2. Statement 1 is a theory of what the diagnosis may be.

The DSM does not claim its so called “diagnostic classifications” are just a theory of what the cause is for the expressed concern; it doesn’t even provide a theory. The manual’s developers explicitly say it is theory neutral. The DSM labels are just type 3 statements, that is, just statements that restate expressed concerns into medical jargon. Thus, the lack of reliability and validity for the DSM classifications and applying the word “diagnosis” to them in a misleading, imprecise manner are just three of its many serious principles of science violations.

Contrast psychiatry’s DSM “diagnosis” system with a diagnosis system used by other doctors. If someone comes to a virologist expressing a concern about being feverish, having difficulty breathing, and loss of taste, the doctor will label these as the patient’s medical complaints, rather then simply translating the complaints into medical jargon and then claiming the jargon constitutes the diagnosis. Instead, the virologist, after writing down the various complaints, will then look for the cause for these complaints. If it is found that there is the presence of the Covid 19 virus, the doctor will say the diagnosis is a Covid 19 infection.

Now, in Dr. Lee’s legal case, we learn that she goes beyond utilizing the DSM-like label of “Shared Psychoses.” She actually provides a theory of what her concern is regarding Trump supporters. However, she doesn’t clearly state that her theory is just a theory. Thus, when people put together that she is a doctor, along with her claim that she has made her “diagnosis,” unscientific conclusions are readily made by the public.

A Brief Story To Illustrate The Problem Of Using Mental Illness Terms As Explanations

On one fine spring day, I was sitting on a Central Park bench and two women were sitting one bench just to my right reading their newspapers. Suddenly, one of them cried out, “Sophie, can you believe this!  The story I’m reading here, oh my God!  This young boy, seventeen years old mind you, the same age as my Jonathan, he’s struggling with ideas about suicide.  Seventeen years old, his whole life before him and he wants to kill himself.  What would lead a boy to this?”

“Such a young boy, Bessie?”

“Yes.  My God.”

“He must have some type of mental illness.”

“Oh, you’re right, Sophie.  I just glanced at the next paragraph, and a psychiatrist explains that the boy has a mental illness called major depressive disorder.”

HamletWith that explanation, the two women nodded to one another, and continued on to another story, seemingly satisfied that they now knew why the boy was dealing with this issue.

Story Discussion

This notion that when a psychiatrist says someone has a mental illness, or some type of mental illness, that this offers a valid explanation for why the person is struggling with personal difficulties is, as far as I’m concerned, a bunch of nonsense. Just before the incident in the park, I had seen a performance of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, which tells the story of a boy about the same age as the one in the story Bessie was reading and is also struggling with feelings of committing suicide. As Shakespeare’s story unfolds, the audience is presented with a character that has motivations, conflicts, frustrations, disturbing situations and emotions. In the end, I left with some insights into why a character such as Hamlet might struggle with feelings of suicide.

In my opinion, even a play, which lasts but two or three hours, can only provide in its narrative a simplified account of what real life stories are all about. And yet, in today’s world, for many people a very different type of play is sufficient for providing the reason why someone is dealing with a challenging concern. This new type of play begins with the curtain rising. A character says to the audience he is struggling with feelings of suicide. A psychiatrist then proclaims the character has the mental disorder known as major depressive disorder, and then the curtain comes down.  That’s the whole play. And people walk away fully satisfied that an adequate explanation has been provided.

Conclusion

That said, I leave you with the following suggestion: If you have a theory of why people continue to support Trump and his continued claims that he won the 2020 presidential election by a landslide, let those with whom you want to share your theory know it is a “theory,” and forgo the mental illness name calling. By doing so, you may not get as many cheers from people who agree with you. Nevertheless, among people truly seeking to deepen their understanding of this difficult to understand phenomenon, you will be more respected. Moreover, for those who may disagree with your theory, they will appreciate your ability to distinguish fact from theory. You’ll come across, I theorize, as more open-minded and you will be modeling a higher level of discourse than what we have been hearing from many of our political leaders.

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional and social intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

Categories
conflict management conflict resolution Congressman Jordan Dr. Fauci

Jim Jordan’s Conflict with Dr. Fauci

Welcome to From Insults to Respect. Today we examine a conflict witnessed by millions that involves U.S. Congressman Jim Jordan at a U.S. House Coronavirus Hearing angrily questioning infectious disease expert Dr. Fauci. It can be viewed on YouTube HERE.

The conflict provides a real life event of interest, and not being ourselves embroiled in the immediacy of the situation, we can now reflect somewhat dispassionately at what occurred. We might, for example, upon reflection, come up with a more effective way to handle particular points in the conflict, and then be better prepared when we find ourselves in a similar situation. So, with that in mind, let’s move on to a brief summary of the conflict, look at some of the actual transcript of the two parties engaging during the hearing, and a critique of how the two participants acted.

The Conflict

Briefly, Congressman Jordan desired to defend the U.S. Constitution and the liberty of Americans. In his view, interfering with his desire are a set of recommendations developed by the CDC that Dr. Fauci has given voice to as part of the job the current president has hired him to do. Jordan appears to believe Dr. Fauci is guilty of promoting recommendations that interfere with liberty and the Constitution. At the same time, Dr. Fauci desires to do his job without facing personal attacks and a style of questioning that he referred to as ranting.

As the video of the conflict moves forward, it becomes apparent that Jordan wants Dr. Fauci to describe what objective criteria he will be using to determine when the restrictions on liberty will no longer be necessary. Additionally, he wants Dr. Fauci to tell him how much longer it will be until that criteria is met.

At first, Dr. Fauci is reluctant to describe the objective measure, explaining it depends on a variety of ever changing conditions, such as the percentage of people who will agree to be vaccinated, how resistant new emerging variants of the virus will be to the available vaccines, and other factors that can sprout up. But, after making clear that any estimate that he gives must be viewed as very tentative, Dr. Fauci finally provides his best guess–when the number of daily infections drop to 10,000 a day, which may very well be reached by early to mid summer if the vast majority of people are vaccinated.

Once Dr. Fauci gives his best guess, Jordan, in an apparent effort to suggest that any guess by Dr. Fauci is worthless, said:

You said that when Texas ended their lockdown, ended their mandates, this was inexplicable and this would, quote, “lead to a surge in cases.” But Texas is at the bottom of the 50 states. But all of the states at the top are lockdown states. So, that guess didn’t look too good. What explains why Texas is so darn low as compared to the rest of the states. Lockdown states have a much higher rate than the state of Texas which over a month ago said that we’re not going to have all these lockdowns and all of these mandates that you say we have to have a lockdown.

Dr. Fauci replied:

There’s a difference between lockdowns and the people obeying the lockdown. You know, you can have a situation where they say we’re going to lockdown and yet you have people doing exactly what they want to do.

It is at this point that Jordan’s time for questioning expired. So, now let’s turn to some of the transcript of the conflict that reveals some exchanges between the two parties that I think are worthwhile to critique.

Some Key Conflict Moments

Jordan began his questioning of Dr. Fauci as follows:

Jordan: Dr. Fauci, when is the time? When, in your written statement you say, “Now is not the time to pull back on masking, physical distancing, and avoiding congregating settings. When is the time? When do Americans get their freedom back? 

Dr. Fauci: When we get the levels of infection in this country low enough that it is not a really high threat.

Jordan: What is low enough? Give me a number. I mean, we have had fifteen days to slow the spread that turned into one year of blocked liberty. What metric, what measure, what has to happen before Americans can get their freedom back?

Dr. Fauci: My message, Congressman Jordan, is to get as many people vaccinated as quickly as possible so we can, to get the level of infection in this country low so that it is no longer a threat. That is when, and I believe when that happens you will see…

Jordan, interrupting Fauci: What determines when?

Dr. Fauci: I’m sorry…

Jordan: What measure. I mean, are we just going to continue forever. When do we get to the point? What measure, what objective outcome do we have to reach before Americans get their liberty and freedom back? 

Dr. Fauci: You know, you are indicating liberty and freedom. I look at it as a public health measure that keeps people from dying and going to the hospital.

Up to this point, Congressman Jordan’s questioning had been energetic, but to my ear, reasonably respectful, while Dr. Fauci’s tone was level headed and calm. Now, Jordan turns his tone to one that strikes me as exasperation and disbelief:

Jordan, his voice has become louder: You don’t think that American liberties have been threatened the past year, Dr Fauci? They’ve been assaulted, their liberties have.

Dr. Fauci: I don’t look at this as a liberty thing, Congressman Jordan…

Jordan, interrupting Dr. Fauci: Well, that’s obvious!

Dr. Fauci: …as a public health thing. I disagree with you…

Jordan, again interrupting: You think the Constitution is suspended during a virus, during a pandemic? Certainly not.

Dr. Fauci: This will for sure end when we get the level of infection very low. It is now at such a high level that there is a threat of major surges…

At this point, Jordan again interrupts in the middle of Dr. Fauci’s sentence and begins to list examples of Americans loss of liberty, and among them, he says, “The governor of our third largest state meets with physicians and that video is censored because it dared to disagree with Dr. Fauci, so I just want to know when Americans are going to get their liberties back.”

Dr. Fauci: You know, I don’t think anything was censored because they couldn’t disagree with me. I think you are making this a personal thing and it isn’t.

Jordan: It’s not a personal thing.

Dr. Fauci: No, you are. That is exactly what you are doing.

Jordan: No. Your recommendations carry a lot of weight, Dr. Fauci. We just had the chair of the financial services committee saying she loves you and you’re the greatest thing in the world.

Dr. Fauci: My answers are consistent with [cross talk] may I answer the question please. My recommendations are not a personal recommendation. They are based on the CDC guidance and which are underscored by…

Jordan, interrupting, says: And I’m asking the question, What measures have to be attained before Americans get their first amendment liberties back? 

Dr, Fauci, now sounding clearly annoyed: I just told you that!

Jordan: You haven’t given anything specific. You said we hope, tell me something specific.

Dr. Fauci: Right now we have about sixty thousand infections a day, which is a very large risk for a surge. We’re not talking about liberties, we’re talking about a pandemic that has killed 560,000 Americans. That’s what we are talking about.

Jordan: And I don’t disagree with that. And I understand how serious that is. But I also understand businesses have been shut down, people can’t assemble in their own home with their family, people can’t go to their loved one’s funeral…  [he gives many more examples of loss of liberty] and I want to know when Americans will get their first amendment liberties back.

Dr. Fauci: Well, you just said people can’t assemble in their own homes. They can. That’s a CDC recommendation. [after some crosstalk Dr. Fauci continues] You are going to see a gradual, from, right now we are at an unacceptable high level, regardless of who you are. We’re going to see, as more and more people are vaccinated and we get over three million people a day, you are going to see the level of infection go down and down, and gradually there will be more flexibility to doing the things you are talking about.

Jordan: What number do we get our liberties back? Tell me the number.

Dr. Fauci, after some crosstalk: I can’t give a number.

At this point, Jordan’s time for questioning expires, but he gets to have another round of questioning a little later. He begins with repeating his earlier question, “Can you give us a specific indication, some outcome that will have to be attained, so Americans know when they are going to get their liberties back.”

Dr. Fauci: You are asking for a number. If I have a number, it would have to be my best estimate, and that would be that when the number of infections a day are well below ten thousand a day. At that point, there would be a gradual pulling back of a number of the restrictions you are talking about, particularly when people are vaccinated more and more because a combination of, if you are vaccinated you are protecting yourself for sure, and the more people who get vaccinated in the community, the lower the number of infections will be.

Jordan: Well, give us an idea. I mean, you’ve given us thoughts on all types of subjects, you’ve opined on all kinds of issues. Give us your guess then.

Dr. Fauci: I just did.

Jordan: No, you didn’t. You didn’t give us a time. Are we going to be here two years from now still wearing masks?

Dr. Fauci: You’re ranting again.

Jordan: No, I’m not ranting.

Dr. Fauci: You are.

Dr. Fauci eventually gives his tentative estimate that most restrictions may be lifted early to mid-summer.

Critiquing the Conflict Management Skills of Congressman Jordan and Dr. Fauci

Let’s begin with Congressman Jordan. Most of his questions were relevant and initially he doesn’t sound particularly belligerent. In my opinion, he could have done better throughout by asking his questions in a warm and friendly manner.  When Dr. Fauci made a few comments that Jordan objected to, rather than utilizing the conflict resolution skill of disagreeing without being disagreeable, he instead angrily raises his voice and repeatedly interrupts Dr. Fauci in mid-sentence. What would disagreeing without being disagreeable have looked like in their exchange? I think by empathetically providing statements from time to time that indicated he knows Dr. Fauci has been the bearer of bad news throughout the pandemic and that’s a rough situation to be in, could have helped to traverse some of the roughest terrain of this conflict.

Now, let’s turn to critiquing Dr. Fauci’s handling of the conflict. With the exception of three brief moments, I think he kept his tone of voice in a matter of fact manner that was fitting for this occasion. Where he faltered on this score will be discussed shortly.

Dr. Fauci also answered the questions posed to him in a manner that struck me as fair given the number of factors in steady flux. His biggest mistake, in my opinion, occurred by not taking advantage of making a connection with Jordan on their shared values.

What do I mean by this? Let’s go back to the transcript when after Jordan is expressing his frustration about the loss of liberty that has occurred during the pandemic and his interest in defending the U.S. Constitution, Dr. Fauci replies:

You know, you are indicating liberty and freedom. I look at it as a public health measure that keeps people from dying and going to the hospital.

Although I get the point Dr. Fauci was making here–his job is to provide recommendations to slow the rate of infection and elected officials are in charge of what recommendations are to be mandated–I nevertheless think Dr. Fauci would have done far better to have answered somewhat like the following:

I share with you the love of liberty and freedom, Congressman Jordan, and well recognize the enormous frustrations that have been ongoing during this pandemic. The restrictions about family gatherings have been awfully hard, numerous people who have a business ended up with devastating losses, people have lost their job, and on and on, all of this has been terribly difficult to deal with emotionally as well as financially. And yet, according to the best scientific data we have available, if we did nothing to try to decrease the spread hundreds of thousands of more people would have died, and hospital personnel would have been even more overwhelmed than they had become at the height of the U.S. experience with this pandemic. 

Congressman Jordan, I fully share your love of the Constitution and the desire and obligation to defend it. And in sharing these values, I take note of the context where liberty is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. In its preamble it states its purpose is, and I quote, “…establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity.”  

By being embroiled in our current effort to provide for the common defense against our current enemy, the virus, we might find it easy to lose sight of the full context of the Constitution that mentions, justice, tranquility, welfare, and liberty. Therefore, it makes sense to take a step back to recall from our history our fight against our common enemy during World War II.

At that time, we pulled together as one nation, and yes, there were sacrifices that were made to some liberties. There was rationing of many items, men had to leave their jobs to enter into war zones where bullets were flying toward them and bombs going off. Women who wanted to be with their husband and raise their children had to put this aside to go to work in stifling factories. There was some censorship of citizens who sought to provide aid and comfort to the enemy. Meanwhile, the welfare of the soldiers was provided for at the expense of taxpayers, and not all citizens were happy about this. 

Now we are engaged in providing a common defense to battle this pandemic, a battle that has led to the deaths in one year of nearly twice the total number of deaths that occurred during the four years of World War II. Sacrifices are being made. I’m not happy about them, but I was hired by the president to provide my recommendations based on science and a vetting process involving experts at the CDC, to decrease the spread of the virus. Consistent with our Constitution, it is up to our elected officials to decide which recommendations to make mandatory. Citizens have the right to file a suit in court if they believe their rights are being violated.

With regards to the U.S. Constitution’s goal of insuring domestic tranquility, I have observed that a number of our elected officials have been working very much against this principle, and instead are fanning the flames of hatred and division. I ask all of us here today who share the values written in our Constitution to be mindful of the full context of all that is wisely written there.

If Dr. Fauci would have made these types of connections with Jordan’s values, it may very well have taken the wind out of Jordan’s sails, tempering his ire.

Now let’s turn our attention to the three times Dr. Fauci’s matter of fact tone went a bit off the rails. The first of these occasions occurred when Jordan blamed him for a video that was censored. Dr. Fauci objected while having this exchange:

Dr. Fauci: You know, I don’t think anything was censored because they couldn’t disagree with me. I think you are making this a personal thing and it isn’t.

Jordan: It’s not a personal thing.

Dr. Fauci: No, you are. That is exactly what you are doing.

Although I agree with Dr. Fauci’s point that Jordan was coming off as making it personal in words and tone of voice, Fauci’s response, in my opinion as someone trained in conflict resolution, is less than ideal. In conflict resolution we often teach people to make “I” statements rather than insisting on an opinion. Thus, Dr. Fauci might have done better if instead of saying, “No, you are. That is exactly what you are doing,” he said pleasantly, “Well, although you don’t view it as a personal thing, I’m experiencing it as exactly that. To be clear, I did not advocate that the video be censored, and I fully support freedom of speech.”

The second point at which Dr. Fauci went a bit off the rails was during this exchange:

Jordan, interrupting, says: And I’m asking the question, What measures have to be attained before Americans get their first amendment liberties back? 

Dr. Fauci, now sounding clearly annoyed: I just told you that!

Jordan: You haven’t given anything specific. You said we hope, tell me something specific.

I get why Dr. Fauci was exasperated at this point. He believed he had provided the best answer available, but I do think Jordan was in his rights to ask for a more specific guess. Dr. Fauci eventually did provide more specifics that came when Jordan made this request.

Shortly after this exchange, the third time Dr. Fauci went off the rails, in my opinion, occurred when he accused Jordan of ranting. After Jordan denied this, Dr. Fauci insisted that he is ranting. This moved the conversation to a long, irrelevant period during which Jordan’s anger apparently had greatly increased, and he went into a long paragraph defending himself, saying he’s an elected official, Dr. Fauci is not, Dr. Fauci’s salary is very high, and on and on.

Dr. Fauci’s frustration with Jordan’s interruptions and his angry tone of voice is understandable. And though ranting may have been an accurate description, most people would view Dr. Fauci’s comment as an insult. Insulting someone in the middle of a conflict just leads to more trouble than it is worth. I think Dr. Fauci would have been better off just saying something like, “Congressman Jordan, I am having a hard time dealing with your tone and frequent interruptions. I understand you have strong feelings about this, as I certainly do. Maybe we need a break so I can deal with how I’m feeling.”

Well, those are a few thoughts that came to mind while observing this congressional exchange. I’d love to get other views.

Wishing for all of you to stay safe,
Jeff

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

Categories
conflict conflict management conflict resolution interpersonal conflicts Listening skills Resolve conflicts in private

Resolve Conflicts In Private Whenever Possible

One day I was presenting to a high school class a lesson on mature ways to resolve conflicts when a student we will call Tony raised his hand. school conflictWhen I called on him, he said, “Dr. Rubin, how would you resolve this? This here Tina (he points to her) and I were dating, and now I decided to end it. I’m seeing another girl. But Tina, she keeps calling me even though I told her to stop.”

Tina’s face has now turned red and other students have started calling out their views about what was going on. Some shouted that Tony didn’t just tell Tina not to call, but he had done so by becoming verbally abusive toward her in an effort to get her to stop calling. Some felt that Tony had to be abusive or Tina wouldn’t stop calling, although she had continued to call him despite his abusiveness.

Part of me wanted to begin an intervention to resolve the conflict right there in the classroom in order to model some of the very skills I had been teaching. privateBut seeing the emotional reaction of Tina, and noticing the escalation of feelings that were being expressed by others in the classroom, I quickly explained to the students that it is usually best to work these types of conflicts out in private. I offered to meet Tony separately, and then Tina, and then, if they both agreed, I would meet with both of them together without the rest of the class watching on. I then asked the rest of the class why this might be the best way to work this out.

As the discussion continued, I mentioned that there are a few research studies that are related to this issue. angry-couple-arguingThey suggest that people are more likely to escalate an argument into a fight when spectators are around (see, for example, “Impression Management and the Escalation of Aggression and Violence,” R. B. Felson, Social Psychology Review, 1982). There are, of course, exceptions to this. For example, if two people agree to have a third party mediator help to resolve a conflict, the presence of the mediator tends to reduce subsequent aggression. courtroomAnd in a courtroom, the public has a right to observe the legal proceedings involving certain conflicts for a number of valid reasons. To protect everyone in this process, there are courtroom officials on hand that help to assure that disagreements don’t escalate to violence. Moreover, if the presiding judge sees audience members interfering with the legal process, he or she can order them removed by trained security personnel.

questionsAs my classroom discussion continued, it became clear to me that the topic raises four relevant questions worth thinking about:

  • At what point does it make sense to ask for a private meeting?
  • Where is the best place to have the meeting?
  • What is the best way to ask for the meeting?
  • Are there useful things to do to prepare for the meeting?

Although every situation is different, and each situation may require a different answer to these questions, in the remainder of this post I will offer some suggestions I think are worthwhile to consider.

At what point does it make sense to ask for a private meeting?

tensionIn my opinion, usually as soon as you recognize that some tension is beginning to surface, it’s time to ask for a private meeting. I say this because even if you think you can tolerate the tension, others around you may not. In many situations, in addition to the participants in the conflict beginning to feel uncomfortable with what is going on, others are also feeling roughed up. People may feel as if they are walking on egg shells in the presence of the antagonists.

workers-angry-fightingIn a business environment, this can create a hostile work environment for the other employees not directly involved in the conflict. Many supervisors are trained to intervene in such situations in order to put a stop to this, and for some, they hate this part of their job. Thus, they may just choose to get rid of one or both of the antagonists. Additionally, some supervisors may be less inclined to promote employees that can’t get along with one another.

schoolIn a school setting, it also usually makes sense for a student to seek to work out a conflict with another student as quickly as possible. As in the business setting, in addition to the two antagonists in the conflict being affected by the mounting stress, other students can start to feel uncomfortable. For example, one party in the conflict might say something to the other party, and when this is overheard by others, some may be torn between two friends. school tensionSometime one of the two parties may insult the other who is a relative of the insulted party. Before long, the whole school climate can be adversely affected.

It is also important for students to keep in mind that there may be a time when they will need a recommendation from a teacher or counselor for a job or college application, and the last thing that you want is for someone to write that you have difficulty getting along with peers.

Where should the meeting take place?

In my opinion, whenever possible, a face to face meeting is way preferable than a phone conversation, texting, social media platforms, or emails. The use of the eyes, facial expressions, and hand gestures, humanize the interaction far beyond what is achievable in less personal interactions.

Now, my next suggestion might sound contradictory because I earlier emphasized that the meeting is best held in private. coffee shopHowever, in my opinion, the ideal place is a semi-private place such as a coffee shop or fast food restaurant that is unlikely to have present anyone either party knows, and at a time when the place would be relatively quiet. In such places, you can find a seat that if you speak softly you are unlikely to be overheard. And even if you are overheard, it is very unlikely to really matter.

The value of having a few people around just out of earshot is that you and the other party will be less likely to get into a shouting match. Moreover, just knowing that someone in the semi-private place might end up calling 911 if things begin to look like they are turning dangerous can keep stress at levels that are more conducive for clear thinking.

phone conversationNow, I understand that for high school students, setting up a meeting in an ideal place might not be possible. Many students live far from a convenient meeting place. If there is no public transportation available, setting up a phone conversation might be your best option.

What is the best way to ask for the private meeting?

Rehearse in your mind what you are going to say at least ten times. I suggest using a soft, concerned voice. It seems to me that you would want to avoid any name calling or threats. Something like the following has worked for me:

For this example, let’s call the other person in the conflict, Jill. Eye-ContactLooking directly into Jill’s eyes, say, “I’m beginning to feel some tension between us, Jill.” Then pause, to see and hear how Jill reacts. Listen carefully, and look like you are listening carefully, by looking up to her eyes from time to time. summarizingWhen she appears to be finished, summarize what she has said without trying to defend yourself in any way. Then pause to see if she wants to add anything more or to correct something you said in your summary. Then say, “I think I understand, Jill. Listen, not only am I concerned about what feels to me like tension between us, but the others around us are going to start to feel pretty uncomfortable about it as well. That’s not good for them, and for a number of reasons it’s not good for either of us. So, I think it makes sense that we discuss this fully in private.” Then tell her where and when you want to meet.

Quiet ConversationThis can be done in a couple of minutes by calling Jill over to a relatively quiet area and speaking softly. If Jill refuses to meet with you, let her know that that is her choice. Then, just end by saying softly that you hope she thinks about the concern you raised and let her know that you hope she changes her mind about meeting to discuss this.

In my opinion, even if the other person chooses to not meet with you, bringing this issue to his or her attention plants a seed. It is very possible that you might begin to see some improvements shortly afterwards.

Are there useful things to do to prepare for the meeting?

writing-glasses1I suggest writing out a statement in advance describing the situation in your own words. If there is someone you respect that is not involved in any way with what is going on between you and the other party, consider showing that person what you have written. Then have a discussion about the situation with this respected person.

Before the meeting, remind yourself that you want to give the other party a chance to tell his or her side of the situation without interruption. listeningAbove all else, you want to give the impression that you are a good listener. This involves looking, from time to time, into the eyes of the other party and summarizing what he or she says.

Well, obviously there is far more to resolving these types of conflicts, but that’s all the time we have for today. I hope you give these ideas some thought.

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional and social intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

Categories
child discipline conflict management conflict resolution criticism interpersonal conflicts social and emotional skills learning student discipline student insubordination

On Slamming Insubordinate Student Down

slam 3By now, most of you have repeatedly seen the shaky video that shows a police officer grabbing an insubordinate sixteen-year-old female student, Shakara, who is sitting at her desk (see HERE). When the officer’s hand is very close to the student’s throat, she hits at his arm. The officer then flips her over and flings her to the front of the classroom.

slam 4The student reportedly refused to put away her cell phone and then refused to leave the class after repeatedly being ordered to do so. Subsequently, the police officer was fired for using inappropriate force and because his maneuver violated department policy and training.

 

The Media’s Criticism

Numerous media commentators expressed outrage at what had occurred, but none that I’m aware of provided a detailed description of what would have been a better way to handle such events. For example, a Washington Post story, penned by its editorial board, states:

slam 5There is no question the young girl involved in the incident was wrong in allegedly refusing the teacher’s request to stop using her phone, and in not leaving the classroom when asked. But there are methods short of slapping on handcuffs available to schools for dealing with disrespectful children. Not only does this girl now face criminal charges that could dog her for the rest of her life, but a classmate who recorded the incident on her cellphone was arrested as well. 

principal's officeThe principal’s office — not a police station — is where both should have ended up, and it is hard not to suspect that that would have been the outcome had the offending students been white. That underscores the need for school officials everywhere to take a hard look at their disciplinary systems for bias and put in place practices that make schools safe, and also inclusive, for all students.

Notice that the editorial advocates that this issue is best handled in the principal’s office. But what if the student is refusing to go there, as is apparently alleged in this case?

male-criticismIn an earlier post on this blog, I advocated that an essential feature of mature criticism is that it is provided with enough details so that the criticized person, if he or she wills, can improve the behavior, idea, or appearance. I have not found, even after an hour of scanning the various media reports and editorials about this disturbing incident that, in my opinion, adequately provides a description of what would be a better response than what actually occurred. So, in this post, I’ll try to model a more mature form of criticism.

An Example of Being Specific and Practical When Providing Criticism

The first step, in my opinion, is to clarify what happened because there are some conflicting reports. According to Shakara’s attorney, Todd Rutherford, she had obeyed orders to put her cellphone away, and the dispute arose because she did not put it away fast enough. He went on to say, “She wasn’t yelling. She wasn’t disrupting the class. She wasn’t a threat to anyone.”

Another female student in the class reported that her classmate had her cellphone in math class. “She just had it out. She wasn’t talking or anything.”

In contrast to these two reports, the Washington Post reported school officials alleged that Shakara refused to stop using her phone which can be viewed as disturbing the class. Other media outlets specifically used the word disturbing the class as a reason for the occurrence. For example, according to a report by WISTV.COM,

sheriff“The student was told she was under arrest for disturbing school and given instructions which she again refused,” Lott [Richland County Sheriff] said.

Just what was meant, specifically, by the phrase “disturbing the class” was not made clear. So, given these somewhat contrasting descriptions, I’ll first provide criticism that specifically lays out an alternative way to handle a situation in which the student is violating a specific school rule but is not disrupting the ongoing classroom lesson. Then we’ll turn to an alternative way to handle a situation in which the student is violating a specific school rule and is disturbing the ongoing classroom lesson.

cell phoneExample 1: In the event that the school had a policy that all cell phones are to be off and out of sight whenever a class is in session, as is true in my local school district, and a student is violating this rule without disturbing the class lesson, here is my suggestion for a response that would be, in my opinion, a distinct improvement over what apparently took place:

Teacher to Shakara: “There is a school rule that all phones are to be off and out of sight, Shakara. Please make sure your phone is shut off and place it out of sight.

Shakara, not complying, says, “The rule is unfair.”

Class Rules_thumbTeacher to Shakara: In a pleasant, authoritative (in contrast to an authoritarian) tone of voice, “If you believe a school rule is unfair, there are some things that you can do that won’t land you in trouble for being insubordinate. You can make an appointment with me and the principal, and if you would like, you can also bring to the meeting your parents and some other advocates with you, to make your case. There are groups of lawyers from the Legal Aid Society and perhaps the American Civil Liberties Union that might want to help you to change something you feel is unfair. If you are dissatisfied with what occurs at that meeting, you can work your way up the chain of command, setting up a meeting next with the district superintendent, and then, after that, to the Board of Education, and then into the civil court system. You have a perfect right to try to change rules like this, and I think it would be educational for you to consider doing this. However, if you want to try to change the rule by being insubordinate in class, as long as you are not disruptive, we’ll get on with the class. Afterwards, you will not be able to return to class until your parents are called, and you and they attend a meeting.  At that meeting, you will have an opportunity to explain your position. Then the school principal will decide what other consequences you will have to face for being insubordinate. Now, do you, or any other students in the class have any questions about this?”

After answering any questions, the teacher would then ask politely, “Shakara, I am now giving you your choice, either shut off your phone and put it out of sight, or face the insubordinate charge.”

If the student doesn’t comply, the teacher would then continue with the class lesson as long as the student does not disturb the rest of the curriculum’s lesson, and then, after the class has ended, she would report the insubordination to the principal.

I have timed how long this would take–approximately two minutes if the student or students don’t have any questions, and maybe another two or three minutes to answer a few questions. Compare that to the time that is now being spent by local officials because of this event.

Example 2: In the event that the student is acting in a way that is disturbing the curriculum lesson, the teacher would first use the above approach. Teacher-and-StudentIf the student decides to continue to disturb the class lesson, the teacher would sit by the student and say in a caring, concerned manner, “You are taking learning time away from your fellow students, Shakara. You now have an insubordination charge to deal with. You are making choices that are not fair to the other students in the class who want to be prepared to pass tests at the end of the year. Is everything ok? Why are you acting like this?”  The teacher would listen to the student. If she continues to remain uncooperative, the teacher would then say in a calm tone of voice, “I am now going to call an administrator to come to the class to help us out with this.”

When the administrator comes, he or she would say, “Let’s not take any more learning time away from your classmates, Shakara. I want you to come with me to the office, and we’ll try to work this out.”

If the student refuses to go with the administrator, the administrator would then call the school’s resource officer, and when he or she arrives, the administrator would tell the teacher to take the rest of the class to the library and to continue the lesson there. Shakara would be told to stay in the class until the rest of the class is gone.

If she was to try to leave with her class, the administrator and officer would gently block her from leaving, without putting any hands on her, just moving their bodies in between her and the door. Hopefully both would have had some training to do this. While doing this, Shakara would be informed that if she attempts to lay any hands on either the administrator or the officer while trying to leave, she will be risking an assault charge that can lead to her being arrested.

sheriff carsIf she does indeed choose to physically attack either school official, another set of officers would be called, and she would then be arrested. From my experience as someone who worked for thirty years in schools, at a juvenile correctional facility, and a child psychiatric center, in the presence of an administrator, the school officer, and two other police back-up officers, it is extremely unlikely that Shakara would have resisted arrest under this set of circumstances. If she does resist, she would be subjected to a physical arrest that follows standard police practice.

In the event that Shakara does not begin to physically attack those who are blocking her path to leave, once the other students have left the class, the administrator would sit beside her and ask softly, and in a  concerned, caring manner, “Are you ok?” He or she would listen, using reflective listening skills aimed at de-escalating the conflict. When the student has calmed down and shared her side of what happened, the administrator would say, “The rules of the school now require that we go to my office, and I’m to call your parents. Take your time. When you are ready to go with me to my office, we’ll do so.”

I have found that once the student’s peers are no longer present, face saving variables are dramatically reduced. The student quickly settles down and readily agrees to go to the office.

Conclusion

female-criticsmI am not trying to take the position that the approaches that I described as helpful alternatives are the only reasonable courses of action, or the best alternative. I encourage readers of this blog to make other suggestions. My larger point is that the details of my proposals well match the higher levels of mature criticism, in that they provide enough details so that those who are criticized can, in a practical manner, utilize the criticism if they choose to do so.

With that, I invite you to join us again real soon here at From Insults to Respect. Have a great week!

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on.  This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional and social intelligence.  To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.