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Abraham Lincoln Beleving in Trump Donald Trump

Believing in Trump: Crazy?

Welcome to From Insults To Respect.

Today, millions of people continue to believe in President Trump. Given what we have learned about him, does it make sense to insult these believers by viewing them as crazy? Let’s give this question some thought.

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This week, I went to a community theater to see a play. It involved two married couples arguing over how to discipline the 11-year old son of one of the couples who had violently attacked the son of the other couple. In no way did the subject of the play have anything to do with political issues. Nevertheless, one of the audience members proudly came wearing a huge red, white, and blue bucket hat– puffy on top, and prominently displaying Trump’s name. He also wore a shirt that looked like it could have been made from the red, white, blue and stars of the American flag. In all appearance, this guy plainly looked like he worships our current president. In light of the series of actions of President Trump, many Americans view such worshipers as crazy.

I’m not suggesting all of those who still support Trump actually worship him. I have met voters who say they still support him even though they don’t particularly like him, but nevertheless believe he is better than any of the candidates who are likely to be put up by the Democrats in the next presidential election. What I am here referring to are just the Trump supporters who truly worship him despite knowing the current situation.

The Current Situation

Here, I describe just some of the major events that might lead people who had in the past believed in Trump to change their minds.

September 2005, Trump is caught on tape advocating “grabbing women by the pussy.”

Between 2005 and 2010, Trump ran a costly course promising to help real estate hopefuls break into the business, something he called Trump University – only its false promises of success proved a total flop. In 2018, a judge ruled that Trump must pay out $25 million as part of a settlement.

Federal judge upholds verdict in E. Jean Carroll case

In the Spring 2023, E. Jean Carroll won her case when a jury found Trump was liable for sexually abusing and defaming her.

On January 13,  2023: The Trump Organization was convicted of tax fraud and fined $1.6 million in relation to 17 charges, which included falsifying documents and allegedly inflating asset values for loans and insurance purposes, while simultaneously undervaluing them for tax purposes.

On May 30, 2023, Trump was convicted by a jury on 34 counts of falsifying business records “to conceal damaging information and unlawful activity.” The records pertained to money allegedly paid to adult-film actress Stormy Daniels to not reveal details of an extramarital affair she said she had had with Trump in 2006.

Very early in Trump’s current administration, he pardoned people who assaulted the capital, including those who were convicted of violently attacking police officers.

By early 2026, hundreds of legal cases had been filed against different parts of his agenda, meaning his administration has spent millions of dollars of tax payer money fighting court battles alongside governing. One of the most recent involves the Supreme Court declaring his tariffs are unconstitutional, thereby leaving his administration to figure out how to pay back the millions of dollars his tariffs had collected. That’s one hell of a mess. Meanwhile, the tariffs never led to the great boom in U.S.manufacturing jobs that Trump had promised.

Trump had claimed that to close our southern border, a border wall had to be built. Despite most of the border wall having not been built, he now brags he has closed the border and claims no one else was able to do it until he did.

Well, there is no way to fully determine how many people are currently illegally crossing the border, but authorities say the best way to estimate this is by determining the number of apprehensions that are currently occurring there. Below, in Figure 1, the record of apprehensions is laid out for the past 25 years. It indicates that during the Obama Administration (2009 to 2017) the border crossings had been at about the level that it is now. This continued for the most part during Trump’s first term (2017 to 2021) with a large bump around 2019, and then quickly returning to the Obama era levels. Shortly after Biden took over, there was a huge jump in border crossings until bipartisan efforts began to strongly complain. Biden responded with much stricter policies and by his last year in office border crossings began to drop, quickly returning to the Obama era levels.

Figure 1: 25 Years of Apprehensions at the Southern Border

As we can see below in Figure 2, it continued to drop a little more during the first month Trump began his second term, a period prior to any of Trump’s border policies actually having time to be instituted. This lower level has remained through the rest of his first year back in office.

This current level is somewhat questionable because Trump has installed an administration that he selected to make him look as good as possible. Some of their efforts have not always been viewed as completely on the level. For example, Trump had promised to release the Epstein files upon his return to the presidency. He refused to do it until Congress passed a law that was veto proof requiring him to do so by a specific date. It is now several months past that date, and Trump is now refusing to release over a million of them. His current administration is backing him on this clear violation of the law. Meanwhile, FBI agents have been quiting, refusing to carry out his demands. So any evidence Trump’s administration provides must be taken with a pinch of salt.

Figure 2:

Returning to the issue of immigration, a poll conducted in January by The New York Times and Siena University found that 63 percent of voters disapproved of Trump’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s tactics, feeling it had gone too far. Particularly upsetting is that upon ICE killing two Americans, his administration made statements about what had occurred clearly in contrast to what the American public could see with their own eyes in video recordings. Then, even more egregious, the administration officials declared before any investigation that those who were killed were domestic terrorists.

Trump’s Justice Department recently filed a lawsuit against Fed Chairman Jerome Powell that a federal judge quashed saying it was obviously just for retribution because Powell had refused to lower interest rates that Trump wanted. This is costly, and completely wastes the time of judges who have better things to be doing then dealing with such frivolous cases.

Now, Trump has started a war with Iran, after pledging, when running for office, he would not engage the U.S. in foreign wars instead focusing on problems right here at home.

He had promised to lower consumer prices; they have instead risen.

Finally, recent polls indicate many who voted for him in the last election have turned against him, with his current approval level sitting at about 38 percent.

Given The Above Well Known Set Of Facts, Is It Useful For People To Consider Believers In Trump Crazy?

Considering someone as crazy is typically viewed as an insult. If you call someone crazy, it is likely to elicit an angry response such as, “No, I’m not crazy, you are!” Perhaps creating such animosity is fine with you, but here on this blog I advocate considering the value of converting your insults to respectful exchanges. To that end, let’s consider the great master of such endeavors–Abraham Lincoln (See HERE for a full discussion of this).

In 1865, Old Abe had been reelected president for a second term. Seeking to unify the nation as the end of the brutal four-year Civil War was in sight, he attempted to rise above the anger and divisiveness and start the process of healing. In his inaugural address, he asked his fellow country folk, referencing the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 7:1) to “let us judge not that we be not judged.” He concludes with these immortal words:

“With malice toward none with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right let us strive on to finish the work we are in to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan ~ to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”

Throughout the Civil War, many in the southern states truly and passionately believed they were fighting for a noble cause consistent entirely with their religious beliefs. Although Lincoln felt differently, he still asked his citizens to have malice toward none with charity for all. And in America, we honor the principle of religious freedom.

Can we not find it in our hearts to view the people whom I symbolize as the man wearing that huge red, white, and blue bucket hat– puffy on top, and prominently displaying Trump’s name, not as crazy, but rather as having deeply religious views. This doesn’t mean we should or shouldn’t vote for Trump supporters, but, rather, it provides us the understanding that those who believe in him, when he speaks, provides the spark that lights up their religious faith.

My Best,
Jeff

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on.  This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence.  To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

 

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Abraham Lincoln conflict resolution insults

How Lincoln Handled Insults

Welcome to From Insults to Respect.

About nine years ago I began this blog, and one of the first sets of words that I wrote were:

We have all experienced name calling, insults and teasing, even the greatest presidents, the most talented athletes, and every member of your favorite band.  If someone insults you, calls you names, or teases you, it does NOT mean that you are a bad person.

Although being treated disrespectfully does not mean that you are a bad person, skillful handling of these types of situations can have an enormous influence on how much you are liked and respected by others, and how you regard yourself as a person. 

Since then, I have published quite a few posts that offered suggestions for handling this sometimes difficult type of situation (for example see HERE, HERE, and HERE). Now, as I was wondering what to write about for this week’s post, I noticed C-SPAN had just announced the results of its latest survey that had historians and other professional observers of the presidency rate U.S. presidents. Abraham Lincoln, consistent with many previous surveys over the years, came out on top. And it just so happens that I have been reading of late, Carl Sandburg’s biography of Lincoln. In its many pages, we find regularly Lincoln dealing with people throwing insults at him. So, I thought I would take this opportunity to share with you how this highly respected person dealt with them.

Examples of Lincoln Dealing with Insults

Stanton’s Insults

Secretary Stanton

Edwin M. Stanton served as Secretary of War during the Civil War, and in the early part of his tenure in that position he regularly threw insults at President Lincoln. At one point, for example, according to Sandburg’s Lincoln biography, Stanton angrily called his boss behind his back the original gorilla. When told about this by someone who was furious that Lincoln would let one of his subordinates insult him, Lincoln replied, “Now, now, Stanton is entitled to his opinion.” Then, with a twinkle in his eyes, Lincoln went on to say, “What concerns me is that I have found that when Stanton says something, he is usually right,” and with that, Lincoln brought forth a delightful smile.

A similar occasion occurred at another point, according to The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History records,

Congressman Lovejoy

A committee of Western men, headed by [Congressman Owen] Lovejoy, procured from the President an important order looking to the exchange of Eastern and Western soldiers with a view to more effective work. Repairing to the office of Secretary Stanton, Mr. Lovejoy explained the scheme, as he had done before to the President, but was met by a flat refusal.

“But we have the President’s order sir,” said Lovejoy.

“Did Lincoln give you an order of that kind?” said Stanton.

“He did, sir.”

“Then he is a d—d fool,” said the irate Secretary.

“Do you mean to say the President is a d—d fool?” asked Lovejoy, in amazement.

“Yes, sir, if he gave you such an order as that.”

The bewildered Congressman from Illinois betook himself at once to the President, and related the result of his conference.

“Did Stanton say I was a d–d fool?” asked Lincoln at the close of the recital.

“He did, sir; and repeated it.”

After a moment’s pause, and looking up, the President said: “If Stanton said I was a d–d fool, then I must be one, for he is nearly always right, and generally says what he means. I will step over and see him.”

Now, you may be starting to get the impression that Lincoln would let Stanton bully him, but that appears to not be the case, as we can see from the following example, also from The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History:

General James Fry, a War Department official who had frequent opportunity to observe the relations between the two men, noted such anecdotes were “interpreted as meaning that Lincoln could not control Stanton. The inference is erroneous. Lincoln, so far as I could discover, was in every respect the actual head of the administration, and whenever he chose to do so, he controlled Stanton as well as all the other Cabinet ministers.” Fry related a conflict between President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton which concluded with the following dialogue in Stanton’s office. Stanton said: “Now Mr. President, those are the facts, and you must see that your order cannot be executed.” The President cordially replied: “Mr. Secretary, I reckon you’ll have to execute the order.” Stanton objected: “Mr. President, I cannot do it. The order is an improper one, and I cannot execute it.” The President stared down the shorter Stanton and firmly issued an order: “Mr. Secretary, it will have to be done.” And indeed it was.

We get a little glimpse of Lincoln’s perspective of how he thought it best to handle Stanton when he got angry and began to throw out insults, from the following:

Senator Dawes

Henry Dawes dropped in on the President after the appointment was announced to congratulate him on getting such a man as Stanton for his Cabinet, in the next breath making some remark that led Lincoln to say, yes, there were those who had warned him that the new Secretary of War would run away with the whole concern. “We may have to treat him as they are sometimes obliged to treat a Methodist minister I know of out West. He gets wrought to so high a pitch of excitement in his prayers and exhortations that they are obliged to put bricks in his pockets to keep him down. We may be obliged to serve Stanton in the same way, but I guess we’ll let him jump a while first.”

As Lincoln got more and more familiar with Secretary Stanton’s intense, irritable nature, he made allowances for it because he knew how the excitement of the time tried men’s tempers and shattered their nerves. And yet, there were times Lincoln could not just ignore how Stanton was reacting to someone. On one occasion, Stanton was particularly angry with one of the generals.

“I would like to tell him what I think of him!” he stormed.

“Why don’t you?” Mr. Lincoln agreed. “Write it all down – do.”

Mr. Stanton wrote his letter. When it was finished he took it to the President. The President listened to it all.

All right. Capital!’ Lincoln nodded. “And now, Stanton, what are you going to do with it?”

Do with it? Why, send it, of course!”

“I wouldn’t,” said the President. “Throw it in the waste-paper basket.”

“But it took me two days to write —”

Yes, yes, and it did you ever so much good. You feel better now. That is all that is necessary. Just throw it in the basket.”

After a little more expostulation, into the basket it went.

Perhaps Lincoln, when he himself got worked up either because someone threw some insult at him, or for any other reason, also wrote letters of this sort to help him work out his feelings.

Insults By Others

General Grant

Stanton was, by no means, the only one to insult Lincoln. At one point, the president was confronted by a hail of insults for supporting U.S. Grant. The chief objection to the general was that he was thought to be intemperate with whiskey. Lincoln replied, “If I knew what brand of whiskey he drinks I would send a barrel or so to some of the other generals,” and then he leaned back in his chair and had a laugh.

In an excellent article in the journal, The Atlantic, titled “‘Idiot,’ ‘Yahoo,’ ‘Original Gorilla’: How Lincoln Was Dissed in His Day, we learn that Lincoln’s writing, so admired today, led to many an insult directed at him. Thus, the article reports:

No American president has uttered more immortal words than he did. We are moved by the power and lyricism of his speeches a century and a half later—not just by their hard, clear reasoning, but by their beauty. It is hard to imagine anyone hearing without admiration, for instance, this sublime passage from the first inaugural address:

I am loth to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.

Yet this speech was characterized by an editorial writer in the Jersey City American Standard as “involved, coarse, colloquial, devoid of ease and grace, and bristling with obscurities and outrages against the simplest rules of syntax.”

Later in this section of The Atlantic article we learn:

As for the Gettysburg Address—one of the most powerful speeches in human history, one that many American schoolchildren can recite by heart (Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth …) and a statement of national purpose that for some rivals the Declaration of Independence—a Pennsylvania newspaper reported, “We pass over the silly remarks of the President. For the credit of the nation we are willing that the veil of oblivion shall be dropped over them, and they shall be no more repeated or thought of.” A London Times correspondent wrote, “Anything more dull and commonplace it wouldn’t be easy to produce.”

These insulting remarks were, at times, met with a humorist quip. For example, Stephen Douglas called him two faced during a debate and Lincoln responded “If I had another face, do you think I would wear this one?” At other times, he would respond to the flood of nay-saying with a weary wave of his hand and say, “Let us speak no more of these things.”

Conclusion

I think Alexander Hamilton Stephens, who had served as the Vice President of the Confederacy, well expressed what many who had an opportunity to get to know Lincoln came to feel about him. Thus, in a speech several years after the war, Stephens recalled getting to know Lincoln when they both served together in the House of Representatives prior to the war. “He was warm hearted; he was generous; he was magnanimous, ‘with malice toward none, with charity for all.'”

As Stanton declared at Lincoln’s death bed, with tears in his eyes, “He was one for the ages.”

All of that being said, it is my hope these Lincoln stories might inspire you when you find yourself confronted with insults. With Lincoln as an example, perhaps you might find yourself coming up with a few jests that can be employed as insults come your way, just to lighten things up a bit. And perhaps you might find yourself considering the wisdom of looking to see if there is any merit imbedded in any nasty phrased comment, kind of like what Lincoln did when he declared that he better step over to discuss the matter with Stanton after Stanton had thrown an insult at him.

Let me add, now, some personal advice. If you find, as a result of a nasty remark, that you need to spend a little time experiencing waves of distress in the pit of your stomach, take all the time that you need. Meanwhile, consider writing about what you might wish to say to the insulter. And by all means, avoid falling into the trap that an insult can define you as bad.

In closing today’s post, I shall leave you with some words by Rudyard Kipling that appears as part of his poem titled “If.” They seem to me to capture some of the essential character of Abraham Lincoln:

If you can keep your head when all about you   
    Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,   
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
    But make allowance for their doubting too;   
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
    Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,
    And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise,
….
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,   
    And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!
My Best,
Jeff
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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.
Categories
Abraham Lincoln Civility conflict resolution

Civility: An Abraham Lincoln Perspective

Welcome to From Insults to Respect. 

Civility in politics is a rare commodity. Sadly, the insults are bitter and unrelenting as ever. But do disagreements have to lead to the abandoning of civility? To deepen our thinking about this, I invite you to take a little stroll with me along the path Abraham Lincoln took during the USA’s greatest conflict.

Lincoln’s Way Of Responding to People With Different Views From His Own

Lincoln and Douglas

When Lincoln was just getting into politics, there were a few occasions when he wrote some insulting words about his rivals. Then, by about 1842, he decided to cut it out. Rather than to insult his rivals, who typically had supporters Lincoln hoped to switch allegiance to him, he came to understand that it was better to be kind to those who hold opposing opinions. In defending his position that owning slaves is wrong, rather than hurling hatred toward southerners who were supporting it, he explained during one of his debates with Stephen Douglas,

As I have not felt, so I have not expressed any harsh sentiments toward our southern brethren. I have constantly declared, as I really believe, the only difference between them and us, is the difference of circumstances. I have meant to assail the motives of no party, or individual; and if I have, in any instance, (of which I am not conscious) departed from my purpose, I regret it.

Rather than malice toward rivals, he spoke loud enough to be heard, but without shouting, and rather than revealing a heart of anger, his voice communicated sadness and great sincerity. When Douglas argued that by freeing the slaves, this would lead to what many in the audience viewed as the absolute horror of the mixing of blood by the white and black races, Lincoln responded by pointing to the last census at the time. It indicated there were 405,751 mulattoes (a term used to refer to offspring who had both black and white parents) in the United States in 1850. He then went on to say,

Nearly all have sprung from black slaves and white masters… the chances of these black girls ever mixing their blood with that of white people would have been diminished at least to the extent that it could not have been without their consent. But Judge Douglas is delighted to have them be slaves, and not human enough to have a hearing, even if they were free, and thus left subject to the forced concubinage of their masters, and liable to become the mothers of mulattoes in spite of themselves; the very situation that produces nine-tenths of all the mulattoes–all the mixing of blood in the nation.

Notice, if you will, that in the above quote, Lincoln expresses his disagreement with Judge Douglas without any insulting name calling, and yet still manages to powerfully make his point.

During one of the debates with Douglas about slavery, it was Lincoln’s turn to counter what Douglas had just said. He began,

I do not propose to question the patriotism or to assail the motives of any man, but rather to confine myself strictly to the naked merits of the question….Let me say I think I have no prejudice against the southern people. They are just what we would be in their situation. If slavery did not exist among them, they would not introduce it. If it did now exist among us, we should not instantly give it up. This I believe of the masses North and South. Doubtless there are individuals on both sides who would not hold slaves under any circumstances, and others who would gladly introduce slavery anew if it were out of existence…. When southern people tell us they are no more responsible for the origin of slavery than we are, I acknowledge the fact. When it is said that the institution exists, and that it is very difficult to get rid of it in a satisfactory way, I can understand and appreciate the saying. I surely will not blame them for not doing what I should not know how to do it myself.

At another debate, Lincoln responded with relatable reasoned arguments to those who were wondering if they should or should not support slavery. Thus, in describing the meaning of “all men are created equal,” he explained,

All I ask for the negro is that, if you do not like him, let him alone. If God gave him but little, that little let him enjoy. Certainly the negro is not our equal in color–perhaps not in many other respects; still, in the right to put into his mouth the bread that his own hands have earned, he is the equal of every man, white or black. In pointing out that more has been give to you, you cannot be justified in taking away the little which has been given him.

When asked to speak in Chicago, he found many with different nationalities. Many were people asking themselves in what special and particular ways this country was better than the old. Most had no grandfathers who served in the American Revolution because they or their parents arrived afterwards. Speaking to the torch-lighted faces who gathered to hear him speak from the Tremont House balcony, he explained something profound about these peoples’ connection to all Americans:

If they look back to trace their connection with those days of blood, they find they have none; they cannot carry themselves back to the glorious epoch and make themselves feel they are part of us; but when they look through that old Declaration of Independence, they find that those old men say that “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal,” and they feel that that moral sentiment taught in that day evidences their relationship to those men, that it is the father of all moral principle in them, and that they have a right to claim it as though they were blood of the blood, and flesh of the flesh, of the men who wrote that Declaration; and so they are.

And then he passed on from here to describe the argument made by some that their race, or some other race, is to be treated as inferior. To this, he explained:

What are these arguments? They are the arguments that kings have made for enslaving the people in all ages of the world. You will find that all the arguments in favor of kingcraft were of this class; they always bestrode the necks of the people–not that they wanted to do it, but because the people were better off for being ridden. That is the argument–You work and I eat, you toil and I will enjoy the fruits of it.

To those who believe that without insulting those with whom we disagree it would be impossible to rouse the audience of a candidate, listen for a moment, to the reaction of Lincoln’s no insult Cooper Union speech, as described by a New York Tribune reporter.

There were applause, cheers; hats and handkerchiefs went into the air. He’s the greatest man since St Paul. The tones, the gestures, the kindling eyes, and the mirth-provoking look defy the reporter’s skill. The vast assemblage frequently rang with cheers and shouts of applause. No man ever before made such an impression on his first appeal to a New York audience.

Upon hearing the news that Lincoln had won the 1864 presidential election, he was serenaded by a crowd of supporters. He responded to them, ”

I am thankful to God for this approval of the people. But while deeply grateful for this mark of their confidence in me, if I know my heart, my gratitude is free from any taint of personal triumph. I do not impugn the motives of any one opposed to me. It is no pleasure to me to triumph over any one; but I give thanks to the Almighty for this evidence of the people’s resolution to stand by free government and the rights of humanity.

Lincoln understood that to build a strong country and a better future he would have to work with those who disagreed with him, and that included many who not only disagreed with him, but had launched some pretty rough insults at him when he was running for president. Doris Kearns Goodwin’s insightful book Team of Rivals is the story of Lincoln building his team of advisors that included as central players these very same rivals. A lesser man would have been threatened by this, kept them at arm’s length, and brought in only yes men.

Throughout his presidency, throughout the civil war, he liked to use sentences and phrases such as,

Let us at all times remember that all American citizens are brothers of a common country, and should dwell together in the bonds of fraternal feeling.

and,

..let us judge not, that we be not judged.

And, as the war approached its end, he spoke to the American people, saying:

With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

Conclusion

Lincoln Memorial

Well, there you have it, an example of a highly successful politician who tried his best to remain civil even when confronted with positions with which he strongly disagreed, and when dealing with people who had not been at all civil to him. In providing this example, I don’t want to accidentally mislead you, so let me be clear about one particular point.

Lincoln would criticize a person’s opinion, and at times this could come across as insulting the person who had expressed the opinion. He often used a little humor to make the point. For example, after Douglas made a particular argument, Lincoln responded that it was as thin as chicken soup made with the shadow of a chicken. Often, even those who disagreed with him would burst out laughing. That said, I hasten to point out that he never let the humorous comment provide his only reason why he disagreed. Instead, he would go on from there to provide clearly stated reasons for his disagreeing.

So, with that clarification, I leave you today with the hope that we can find it in our hearts to express our disagreements in a kind and civil manner.

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on.  This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence.  To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

Categories
Abraham Lincoln conflict resolution Depression

Abe Lincoln’s Experience With Depression

Welcome to From Insults to Respect.

Regular readers know that from time to time I will discuss some famous person’s experience with depression. The experiences of Joni Mitchell (see HERE), U.S. Grant (see HERE), and Leo Tolstoy (see HERE) are the most recent examples. All of them, despite their mighty struggles with depression, still managed to earn the respect of millions.

To continue this series on the experiences of famous persons who dealt with depression, I just finished reading a wonderful book titled, Lincoln’s Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness, by Joshua Wolf Shenk.

I actually began discussing the book in my last post, which has the title, “I’m Sorry For The Tears.” There we discussed some reasons why so many of us are embarrassed when we cry and find ourselves, if we release tears in front of others, apologizing. I gave, as one example of this, Lincoln trying to hide his tears when he heard from some neighbors that his sister had died. As we will now see, there is far more to be learned about Lincoln’s experience with sadness, anguish, and tears.

Lincoln’s First Clear Evidence of Depression

Lincoln, up till his mid-twenties, was not viewed as being a melancholy kind of guy. Friends and neighbors saw him as sunny and persisting tirelessly. For example, during the Black Hawk War, a fellow soldier said of him, “I never saw Mr Lincoln angry or desponding, but always cheerful… the whole company, even amid trouble and suffering, received strength and fortitude, by his buoyancy and elasticity.” Also typical of comments made of him, a neighbor said, “He was the best natured man I ever got acquainted with.”

Oh, there is evidence of cracks in his sunny disposition during his early years, but they occurred during times of great disappointments, which is pretty typical of most people. For example, after he and a partner opened a store and it soon failed, as we might expect, some described him as moping around, and one person reported hearing him say he might “let the whole thing go.”

Although these observations might have been signs of an emerging tendency to experience deeper forms of depression, it wasn’t until he reached the age of 26 in the summer of 1835 when this tendency became obvious to all that knew him. As Mr. Shenk describes this period,

The first sign of trouble came with his intense study of law. He “read hard — Day and night — terribly hard,” remembered Isaac Condal, a stone mason. At times, Lincoln seemed oblivious to his friends and surroundings. “He became emaciated,” said Henry McHenry, a farmer in the area, “and his best friends were afraid that he would craze himself — make himself deranged.”

When a female friend of his, Miss Ann Rutledge, died during a plague, Abe fell into an even deeper state of despair. As Mr. McHenry described it,

…after that event he seemed quite changed, he seemed retired, and loved solitude, he seemed wrapped in profound thought, indifferent, to transpiring events, had little to say, but would take his gun and wander off in the woods by himself, away from associations of even those most esteemed, this gloom seemed to deepen for some time, so as to give anxiety to friends in regard to his mind.

Another person reported that Lincoln “told me that he felt like committing suicide often.” Friends felt compelled to watch and ward over him, and for a time he was locked up to prevent derangement or suicide. “That was the time the community said he was crazy,” remembered Elizabeth Abell.

Even after he began to appear outwardly improved, he continued to grapple with desperate thoughts. Robert L. Wilson, who joined Lincoln as a candidate for the state legislature in 1836, reported that Lincoln once confided in him “that although he appeared to enjoy life rapturously, still he was the victim of terrible melancholy… and he was so overcome with mental depression, that he never dare carry a knife in his pocket.”

The Second Intense Wave

The next period in which people who knew Abe clearly saw he was very depressed began at the beginning of January of 1841. Letters reveal how concerned people became. “We have been very much distressed on Lincoln’s account,” wrote one person. “Lincoln you know was desponding & melancholy when you left,” wrote another. “He has grown much worse and is now confined to his bed sick in body & mind,” wrote another.

Again, it is hard to say for certain if there was some event or series of events that led to what Abe was experiencing at the time. The possible factors that Mr. Shenk mentions are,

All at once, he faced the prospect that his political career was sunk; that he might be inextricably bound to a woman he didn’t love; that his best friend was going to either move to Kentucky or stay in Illinois and marry the woman Lincoln really wanted.

What ever the actual reason, Abe decided to submit to the care of a doctor, who provided a number of brutal treatments. He bled Abe, gave him substances that made him puke and have diarrhea, as well as opium and morphine. The doctor concluded that his aggressive treatments failed to help; it added to his problem.

The doctor’s treatment for depression was not an odd exception to how these types of conditions are dealt with by the medical profession.

Dr. Benjamin Rush

The preeminent physician of that time was Dr. Benjamin Rush, who wrote Medical Inquires and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind. Dr. Rush advocated the types of drastic approaches that Abe’s doctor used in an effort to stimulate and reinvigorate the patient’s constitution. Later medical approaches include lobotomies, which gouged out the front part of a person’s brain, and today, electroconvulsive shock treatments and drugs well known to cause serious side effects are employed.

A close look at events shows that Abe was far from healed by what the doctor put him through. As Mr. Shenk described them;

Before, he was depressed, agitated, and  “crazy.” After his treatment he looked beaten down, weak, almost inhuman. “Poor L.” wrote James Conkling, a young lawyer in town, on January 24, “How are the mighty fallen! He was confined about a week, but though he now appears again he is reduced and emaciated in appearance and seems scarcely to possess strength enough to speak above a whisper. His case at present is truly deplorable but what prospect there may be for ultimate relief I cannot pretend to say.” 

At one point, Abe wrote to a correspondent,

For not giving you a general summary of news, you must pardon me, it is not in my power to do so. I am now the most miserable man living. If what I feel were equally distributed to the whole human family, there would not be one cheerful face on the earth. Whether I shall ever be better I can not tell; I awfully forebode I shall not. To remain as I am is impossible; I must die or be better, it appears to me.

Lincoln’s Case of Depression Was Never “Cured”

Some people experience depression, and then they have a “breakthrough” or “turning point,” and it goes away. This is what happened to Leo Tolstoy.

Abe’s depression experience provides us an example of someone who never really got over depression, but rather, he learned to deal with it in a productive manner. He spent an increasing amount of time alone, which can be profoundly important as people come to terms with loss, and sort out their ideas. Crucially important for him is that he found a cause that provided him a reason to live.

Perhaps because of his awful experience with medical treatment, Abe came to put no stock in conventional medical therapy. One of the attractions to the medical model is that it avoids blaming the patient for the depression experience by viewing it as a no-fault disease. Abe managed to avoid blaming people and himself  for such experiences by viewing them as “misfortunes.” Depression to him was not a non-fault disease, a crime, or even a disgrace. To him, misfortunes are unhappy circumstances that has happened to a blameless good person.

Abe used a great deal of humor to try to cheer himself up, and he became famous for his delightful stories. In fact this characteristic of Abe’s led to a story in a newspaper that told of two ladies talking about the Civil War. One said, “I think Jefferson Davis will succeed because he is a praying man.” The other replied, “But so is Lincoln.” The first responded, “Yes, but when Abraham prays, the Lord will think he’s joking.” Abe loved that story and told it often.

Although spending significant time alone, finding something meaningful to strive for, not blaming himself for his misfortune, and humor were the major helpful approaches he used to deal with his melancholy, nothing ever ended his experience of depression for long. As Mr. Shenk aptly described Abe’s lifelong depression,

He yoked his feelings to a style…of melancholy that was, more than anything, philosophical. He saw the world as a sad, difficult place from which he expected considerable suffering. “There was a strong tinge of sadness in Mr Lincoln composition,” said his friend Joseph Gillespie. “He felt very strongly that there was more of discomfort than real happiness in human existence under the most favorable circumstances and the general current of his reflections was in that channel.”

Could it be that this philosophical approach played an essential role of Abe’s great work? In the early days of psychology, people who were depressed were viewed as drawing conclusions about themselves and their experiences that were unrealistically distorted toward the negative, and therefore pathological. A more recent body of psychological research suggests that those who are depressed are often judging themselves and the world more accurately than non-depressed people. This provides opportunities to be sadder but wiser.

For those who are depressed, it is more encouraging to view their experience as potentially helpful, rather than an illness caused by having defective genes. Thus, perhaps Abe’s philosophy is more hopeful.

As Mr. Shenk’s fine book draws to an end, he writes,

The hope is not that suffering will go away, for with Lincoln it did not ever go away. The hope is that suffering, plainly acknowledged and endured, can fit us for the surprising challenges that awaits.

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.

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Trump and the Nature of Hate

Welcome to From Insults to Respect. 

One day I was watching Donald Trump’s first news conference since he became president. There, the remarks that I found most interesting had to do with his expressed outrage about how hateful the press has been toward him. The first time it came up, he was asked the following question by a reporter:

“I just want to get you to clarify this very important point. Can you say definitively that nobody on your campaign had any contacts with the Russians during the campaign? And on the leaks, is it fake news or are these real leaks?”

Here’s the Trump’s reply:

“Well, the leaks are real. You’re the one that wrote about them and reported them, I mean the leaks are real. You know what they said, you saw it and the leaks are absolutely real. The news is fake because so much of the news is fake. So one thing that I felt it was very important to do — and I hope we can correct it. Because there’s nobody I have more respect for — well, maybe a little bit but the reporters, good reporters.

“It’s very important to me and especially in this position. It’s very important. I don’t mind bad stories. I can handle a bad story better than anybody as long as it’s true and, you know, over a course of time, I’ll make mistakes and you’ll write badly and I’m OK with that. But I’m not OK when it is fake. I mean, I watch CNN, it’s so much anger and hatred and just the hatred.”
The hate issue came up a few minutes later when a reporter asked:
“And if I may follow up on that, just something that Jonathan Karl was asking you about. You said that the leaks are real, but the news is fake. I guess I don’t understand. It seems that there’s a disconnect there. If the information coming from those leaks is real, then how can the stories be fake?”
Trump begins to look exasperated, and then replies:

“The reporting is fake. Look, look… You know what it is? Here’s the thing. The public isn’t — you know, they read newspapers, they see television, they watch. They don’t know if it’s true or false because they’re not involved. I’m involved. I’ve been involved with this stuff all my life. But I’m involved. So I know when you’re telling the truth or when you’re not. I just see many, many untruthful things.
“And I’ll tell you what else I see. I see tone. You know the word “tone.” The tone is such hatred. I’m really not a bad person, by the way. No, but the tone is such — I do get good ratings, you have to admit that — the tone is such hatred.
 
“I watched this morning a couple of the networks. And I have to say, Fox & Friends in the morning, they’re very honorable people. They’re very — not because they’re good, because they hit me also when I do something wrong. But they have the most honest morning show. That’s all I can say. It’s the most honest.
 
“But the tone, Jim. If you look — the hatred. The, I mean, sometimes — sometimes somebody gets… Well, you look at your show that goes on at 10 o’clock in the evening. You just take a look at that show. That is a constant hit. The panel is almost always exclusive anti-Trump. The good news is he doesn’t have good ratings. But the panel is almost exclusive anti-Trump. And the hatred and venom coming from his mouth; the hatred coming from other people on your network.”
Now, the reason I found these remarks from Trump so interesting is that throughout his campaign seeking the presidency, his tone, along with his very words, were filled with hatred and venom toward the press and many other individuals and groups as well. At each of his rallies, he regularly pointed to where the media had gathered and cried out things like, “There’s the press standing over there. Don’t we just hate the media, they are such liars!” Then when the crowd would start getting riled up, and throwing things at the press, he cheered them on. More recently, he has taken to calling the press the enemy of the people using a tone of voice that is pretty far from flattery.

If any of you saw the last debate between him and Secretary Clinton, you will no doubt recall how he called her evil in a tone that mustered as much venom as anyone that I’ve personally seen. At moments he has backed off some of his most hateful rhetoric, but more often he has regularly returned to it.

At the news conference I’ve been discussing, he stated, in what struck me as a hateful tone,

“We’ve been negotiating a lot of different transactions to save money on contracts that were terrible, including airplane contracts that were out of control and late and terrible; just absolutely catastrophic in terms of what was happening.”
Now, there were a great deal of people involved in negotiating these contracts and many individuals are currently working hard to do right by them, but Trump threw out this blanket statement. These types of comments are modeling for all to see, hateful rhetoric.

I could well understand why Trump would want the people and the press to treat him, rather then hatefully, respectfully. But if this is true and he therefore wants to encourage people of the press, and others to use respectful tones and language, perhaps he would be wise to start modeling what this looks like when he himself communicates.

A great model to consider as an alternative to Trump’s style is that of John F. Kennedy’s. Over the whole of his presidency, Kennedy averaged a 70.1 percent approval rating, comfortably the highest of any post-World War II president. By comparison, the average for all presidents between 1938 and 2012 is 54 percent. Trump, last I looked, was at about 40 percent.

Lyndon Johnson

In 1960, both Senator Kennedy and Senator Lyndon Johnson were seeking the Democratic presidential nomination. At the convention, with both side by side, Johnson criticized Kennedy for missing some important senate meetings because he was on the road campaigning. Kennedy replied,

“I, uh, found it extremely beneficial serving in the Senate with Senator Johnson as leader.  I think if I emerge as successful in this convention it would be as a result of watching Senator Johnson proceed around the Senate for the last eight years.”  

Kennedy, then turns to look directly at Johnson and said:

“I have learned the lesson well, Lyndon, and I hope it will benefit me in the next twenty-four hours.”

Kennedy then turns back to the larger audience. 

“It is true that Senator Johnson made a wonderful record in answering those quorum calls, and I want to commend him for it. I, uh, was not present on all of those occasions…. So, I come to you today full of admiration for Senator Johnson, full of affection for him, strongly in support of him for majority leader, and in that position we’re all going to work together. Thank you.”

This is an amazing contrast to President Trump’s style of dealing with anyone who criticizes him.

An additional lesson that we can learn from looking at Kennedy’s style was his willingness to take responsibility for things that did not go as well as he desired during his administration.

On April 17th, 1961, Kennedy ordered what became known as the “Bay of Pigs Invasion”: 1,500 U.S.-trained Cubans landed on the island in an attempt to overthrow the country’s dictator, Fidel Castro. The plan failed within three days.

Many felt Kennedy was guilty of doing something terribly wrong, and more than a few insults were hurled at him. However, when he went before the press, he took responsibility for the failure, and pledged to take several specific steps to make sure that what happened would never happen again. Immediately afterwards his approval rating spiked, going up to 83 percent, the highest level of his presidency.

Responsibility-LincolnFrom my own experience, I have learned that using a similar type of response can be very helpful. When I find that someone has a conflict with me because of something that I have done, I have often been able to turn angry feelings into a respectful resolution by making it clear that I recognize my responsibility in what happened and I plan to take some action to improve.

Now contrast this with what happened at the Trump press conference when a reporter asked him if there were any mistakes that he made when he wrote his executive order regarding a travel ban from seven countries. Trump replied,

“Let me tell you about the travel ban. We had a very smooth rollout of the travel ban. But we had a bad court. Got a bad decision. We had a court that’s been overturned. Again, may be wrong. But I think it’s 80 percent of the time, a lot.

“We had a bad decision. We’re going to keep going with that decision. We’re going to put in a new executive order next week some time. But we had a bad decision.

“That’s the other thing that was wrong with the travel ban. You had Delta with a massive problem with their computer system at the airports. You had some people that were put out there, brought by very nice busses, and they were put out at various locations.

“Despite that the only problem that we had is we had a bad court. We had a court that gave us what I consider to be, with great respect, a very bad decision. Very bad for the safety and security of our country. The rollout was perfect.”

Notice that Trump took absolutely zero responsibility for the problems that ensued. This has been his style ever since I’ve been watching him on TV. All problems are due to some other folks, never him.

So, a basic nature of respect is that you can’t get people to stop hating you if you are throwing hate their way. If there is any way to turn people from hate to respect, it is useful to model how you want to be treated by treating others as you want them to treat you.  This is the basic Golden Rule.  Rather than attack those who criticize you, listen respectfully, and be open to take at least some responsibility for anything with which you might have played a part.

In ending today’s post, I shall leave you with a quote from President Lincoln’s second inaugural address, a period of time when the country was arguably in its greatest conflict. Notice that Lincoln could have expressed great hatred toward those whom he felt were responsible for starting the war. That very likely is the approach our current president would have taken. Here’s Lincoln, currently viewed by many historians as our all time most respected president.

“With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”
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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND CONFLICT

When we describe a conflict it is useful to avoid insults and relate it to something that will occur in the future. Old Abe Lincoln was a master at this. Before illustrating this with Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, let’s take a few moments to review this idea with one of our favorite comics.

Bumstead Gets Into Trouble

Please consider the following comic.

Dagwood in elevator

Now, let’s pretend we know what happens after Dagwood arrives at his office. Immediately, his boss, Mr. Dithers throws an insult at him, yelling that he is a Bobblehead!

Dagwood responds by becoming defensive and starts screaming and throwing insults at his boss which leads to getting fired.

His boss is now stuck trying to replace Dagwood, and Dagwood has to look for a new job. Upon reflection, both parties come to realize that this was not the best outcome to the conflict.

Consider, if you will, another scenario. Dagwood, upon arriving at work and hearing his boss’s insult, recognizes his boss is probably insulting him because he has a conflict with him about coming to work late.  Dagwood, instead of insulting his boss, looks concerned and summarizes the conflict by saying, “You’re angry with me because you desired that your employers come to work on time, and I interfered with your desire by coming to work late. You feel I’m guilty because I’m over an hour late.”

This wording is a pretty good step toward describing the conflict. However, it can be improved. Notice that it describes the desire and the act that interfered with Mr. Dithers’ desire as all happening in the past. A more helpful thing to do is to try to describe the conflict, without insults, as something important to the future. It is helpful to spend at least some time, when describing a conflict, to focus on the future because the past can’t be changed, and conflicts, when wisely considered, are designed to lead us to improving our futures. Your job, when you are an expert in conflict resolution, will be to translate the common but immature way to express a conflict into a language that reveals the true nature of conflicts.

Let’s apply this lesson to Dithers’ conflict with Bumstead.

When Bumstead arrives at the office in our example, Dithers starts to yell at Bumstead, “You Bobblehead, you’re an hour late!”  This sure seems like the conflict is about something that occurred in the past.  But, if you will, consider this scenario:

Bumstead upon arriving at work and hearing his boss yell an insult at him, says “Boss, I’m sorry that I’m late.  The elevator broke down.  Now that I am late, is there something that you desire that I get done that you are afraid I won’t get done because I arrived late?”

Dithers reportSuddenly Mr. Dithers realizes that the real reason he is upset is that the Smith report has to get done before the end of the day.

Bumstead then summarizes the conflict in a concerned manner, “Boss, you want me to complete the Smith report that I promised would go out by the end of the day, and now that I arrived late, you are worried that all of my other duties I have to accomplish during the remaining workday will interfere with your desire. You feel I’m guilty of being an irresponsible employee. Is that correct?”

“Yes!” cries Mr. Dithers.

This restating of the original conflict points us in an easier direction for resolving the conflict.  Arguing all day about coming to work late today will only waste time and can end up getting Bumstead fired. Thinking about how to get that report out as soon as possible can be far more productive.

Bumstead, now focused on what the major concern of his boss is, perhaps might reply, “Boss, I know how important it is to you to get that report out, so when the elevator got stuck, I wrote the report sitting on the elevator floor.” Or perhaps Bumstead might reply, “Since it is so important to you to get that report out, I’ll work over my lunch break and get it done.” Or Bumstead might reply, “I’ll work late today until the report is done, and then I’ll bring the report to the overnight mail service. They have a pick-up as late as 7:30 pm.”

Any of these replies, all designed to address Dithers’ concern about a problem relevant to the future (getting the Smith report done by the end of the day) will be more helpful in calming Dithers’ concern then either Bumstead getting defensive or both Bumstead and Dithers arguing about some things that have all occurred in the past.

It is for this, and many other reasons that we will be discussing in future posts, that it is helpful to try our best to describe a conflict as something relevant to the future.

Insult Avoiding, Forward Looking Abraham Lincoln

Arguably the best example in all of history of a statesman describing a conflict in a manner that avoids insults while focussing attention on a relevant future occurred when Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address.

LINCOLN

Over forty thousand men died during the three-day battle at Gettysburg, and bitterness was in the hearts of those who came to hear Lincoln’s words. If asked for the reason to continue the war, many might have pointed to the violent events in the recent past and thrown vicious insults at the rebels. But Lincoln provides not single insult. Instead, he begins his speech reminding all in attendance what the war is about.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.

We see here Lincoln focussing the listeners’ attention on the worthy cause of this nation enduring into the future.

After Lincoln’s first two sentences, notice how his next three sentences show respect for what had taken place but then hastens once gain to connect this with something relevant to the future:

We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

In those three sentences, Lincoln again directs the attention of his listeners to what those who lost their lives were fighting for, “that that nation might live.”

Although spending time to honor the brave men of the battle is altogether fitting and proper, as Lincoln continues, the future aspects of the conflict is further developed. Thus:

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate — we can not consecrate — we can not hallow — this ground…. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

We see here, not a single insult directed at those on the other side of this conflict. Instead, Lincoln brilliantly moves his audience, all of whom are engaged in the conflict of their lives, from the vivid past to a relevant future.  We all must learn to do this if we are to become experts in dealing with conflict.

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Some people will enjoy reading this blog by beginning with the first post and then moving forward to the next more recent one; then to the next one; and so on. This permits readers to catch up on some ideas that were presented earlier and to move through all of the ideas in a systematic fashion to develop their emotional and social intelligence. To begin at the very first post you can click HERE.